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See how modern innovations can give your brain a boost.   As society progresses into the 21st century, the nexus between technology, scientific research, and daily life has become increasingly significant, providing many benefits that enhance cognitive functions and overall brain health. Advanced medical practices, the exponential growth of the internet, innovative changes in commerce, and the evolution of home technology profoundly influence the way we process information, solve problems, manage stress, and maintain mental agility. Here’s a look at all of these advancements and their positive effects on brain health.   Advancements in Medical Science The field of biomedical sciences has made monumental strides in both understanding and treating the brain. Neuroimaging technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, provide detailed images of the brain, enabling scientists to study brain function and structure without invasive procedures. These advancements lead to better diagnosis and treatment of brain-related diseases and disorders that may result in developing Dementia, depression, and epilepsy, among many other conditions.   Furthermore, recent research on neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections — offers hope for recovery from brain injury and improvement in cognitive abilities through targeted therapies. Such medical breakthroughs contribute to better brain health by reducing disease impact and improving quality of life, which indirectly boosts cognitive functions and resilience.   The Internet: A Gateway to Knowledge The advent of the internet has revolutionized access to information, transforming it into a dynamic tool for enhancing brain function. With the vast resources available online, people can engage in continual learning, a critical component for keeping the brain active and healthy. Educational platforms, online courses, and multimedia resources allow people to acquire new skills and knowledge at an unprecedented rate, promoting lifelong learning and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the internet’s interactive and interconnected nature stimulates critical-thinking and problem-solving skills by encouraging users to analyze information, synthesize data, and communicate effectively with others globally.   Commerce and Digital Innovation The digital transformation of commerce has also contributed positively to brain health by simplifying complex transactions and reducing stress associated with shopping and financial management. E-commerce platforms and financial apps have user-friendly interfaces that enhance decision-making skills and improve memory by engaging users in strategic planning and budget management. Online shopping and automated financial services, such as digital banking and budget tracking, are convenient and free up cognitive resources, allowing people to focus more on productive tasks and less on routine activities. Furthermore, these platforms often use algorithms that help in pattern recognition and logical thinking — skills that are transferable to other cognitive domains.   Technology for Use at Home Technology has transformed people’s homes into hubs of interactive and tailored experiences that contribute to brain health. Smart home devices, such as voice-controlled assistants and automated home systems, encourage problem-solving skills and adaptability by allowing users to customize their living spaces to their needs. Moreover, fitness trackers, sleep monitors, and other personal health devices provide insights into people’s physical health, which is intrinsically linked to cognitive well-being. These devices promote healthy lifestyle habits by tracking physical activity, monitoring sleep patterns, and even guiding meditation and mindfulness exercises, all of which are known to improve cognitive function and reduce cognitive decline.   Conclusion: The Benefits of Technology Advancements in medical science, the rise of the internet, the evolution of digital commerce, and the personalization of home technology collectively foster an environment that is conducive to cognitive growth and brain health. By providing tools that improve our understanding of the brain, facilitate access to information, simplify daily tasks, and encourage healthy living, these developments offer significant benefits that help maintain and enhance cognitive functions. As we continue to innovate and integrate technology into our daily lives, the potential for supporting brain health and cognitive abilities is likely to expand, promising a future where technology and medicine continually work hand in hand to elevate our mental capacities. What Can I Do to Plug Into Technology's Benefits?   1. Seek out adult classes that explain smartphone apps, smart home devices, and even 3D printing (that’s the new way they’re building everything from heart valves to rocket ships). Call your local school or library to see what’s offered. Or suggest that you teach a topic yourself — it’s the quickest way to learn.   2. Learn how to use a QR code. These are commonly used in restaurants, transportation, and museums. They’re also used to enhance cemetery headstones, connect you to assembly instructions, or provide history lessons on self-guided walking tours. Go to QRcodes101.com to watch.   3. Pick a day, once a week, to limit your social media browsing to 30 minutes. Use that newfound time to learn some tech that can make your life easier and healthier: Try self-checkout or figure out how to use a smartphone app to count your steps. Additional selected reading: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10381462/ https://www.uclahealth.org/news/release/ucla-study-finds-that-searching-the-internet-increases-brain-function https://bitly.com/blog/healthcare-technology-qr-codes https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4029126/ https://cfsi-innovation-files-2018.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/08193731/AARPF_TechAdoption.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7366947/ Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Better Brain Research™ Findings in this issue: Researchers have found that people born in the 1970s have LARGER BRAINS than those born in the 1930s, which may reduce the risk of age-related Dementias.   Reading this magazine aloud can help you remember more of its content. Want an added plus? READ IT ALOUD to a friend to build your relationship.   Brain studies show that HANDWRITING IS BETTER for memory and learning than typing because motor and visual information processing sync up with areas crucial to memory formation.   Researchers have discovered that exposure to brain-friendly GREEN LIGHT can reduce migraine pain and shorten the duration of these debilitating headaches.   The term PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT is backed by science. A study in mice revealed that repeating an activity over and over solidifies neural pathways in the brain.   In men at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease, those with HIGHER PANCREATIC FAT had lower cognition and brain volumes, suggesting that there’s a sex-specific link between abdominal fat and brain health. Click here to view this issue of Better Brain Nation. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

See the Word Search Answers for BBN Vol 1 Issue 2 above! Answer to the Riddle: "e" Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Dementia is a challenging condition that affects not only the individuals diagnosed but also their families and loved ones. We understand the complexities involved in managing the care of those with Dementia. One such vital tool is guardianship, which plays a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of individuals with Dementia. What is Guardianship? Guardianship is a legal process where a court appoints a person (the guardian) to make decisions on behalf of another person (the ward) who is unable to make decisions for themselves due to incapacity, such as Dementia. This arrangement ensures that the ward's personal, financial, and medical needs are met in a manner that prioritizes their well-being and dignity. How Guardianship Benefits Individuals with Dementia 1.  Ensuring Safety and Well-Being   Guardianship provides a structured framework for making essential decisions about the care and safety of individuals living with Dementia. Guardians are empowered to make decisions that protect the ward from harm, ensuring they receive appropriate medical care, live in a safe environment, and have their day-to-day needs met. 2. Financial Oversight   Managing finances can be particularly challenging for individuals with Dementia. Guardianship ensures that their financial resources are managed prudently and ethically. Guardians oversee bank accounts, pay bills, manage investments, and ensure that the ward’s financial assets are used in their best interest. 3.  Advocacy and Decision-Making   Guardians act as advocates for individuals with Dementia, ensuring their preferences and best interests are considered in all decisions. Whether it’s healthcare choices, living arrangements, or legal matters, guardians are there to make informed decisions that reflect the ward’s wishes and needs. 4.  Relieving Family Stress   Dementia can place immense stress on family members who may struggle to make difficult decisions or manage care responsibilities. Guardianship provides families with peace of mind, knowing that a professional is dedicated to their loved one’s well-being. This allows family members to focus on maintaining a loving relationship rather than being overwhelmed by caregiving duties. Guardianship is a vital tool in the care of individuals with Dementia, offering a structured and compassionate approach to managing their needs. Together, we can ensure that your loved ones receive the support they need to shape a better tomorrow. Contributing Author: The Good Shepherd Fund  is a 501(C)(3) National Non-Profit Fiduciary, dedicated to enhancing the lives of minors, aging adults and persons with disabilities. With over 50 years of compassionate service, we provide professional trust administration, and other support services tailored to client needs. We care for our clients with the same love and kindness you’d expect from a family member or friend, ensuring that you and your loved ones receive the support needed to shape a better tomorrow.  Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

The Power of Scent Is there a connection between smell and memory? No question, says Jayant M. Pinto, MD,   a professor of surgery at the University of Chicago Medicine who studies olfactory and sinus disease. “The olfactory system is directly connected to the parts of the brain that house memory,” Dr. Pinto says. “We see this: smells can evoke strong memories, i.e., cookies your grandmother baked, your mother’s perfume, etc. This may explain why loss of smell is connected to Dementia, where memory loss is a key feature . ”   The Connection Between Scent and the Brain   Dementia is a symptom cluster brought on by a number of underlying diseases that change the brain or impair blood flow to it. Having it creates problems with memory, thinking, and making decisions.   Scent—one of the five major senses—is intricately tied to the brain and memory. The olfactory bulb, which processes smell, sits just behind the nose beneath the frontal lobe. Its job is to take in scent and send signals to other parts of the brain, including those that house emotion and memory functions.   Sense of smell is associated with the size of the brain, the health of its cells, and how robust the connections are between neurons in the brain that communicate with each other. This finding was highlighted in a 2023 study in Neurology ,  which found that a better sense of smell is tied to a slower decline in memory, attention, processing speed, and grasping and manipulating objects.   Dementia itself doesn’t cause a loss of smell—and loss of smell doesn’t cause Dementia—but the underlying disease pathology that sometimes leads to Dementia symptoms may harm areas of the brain related to the processing of scent. In other words, loss of smell may signal changes in the brain, and loss of smell can travel with Dementia.   Could Smell Predict Dementia Risk?   More research is needed on the topic of scent and Dementia, but several recent small studies   have found that loss of smell may predict who may be likely to develop Dementia. Dr. Pinto led a study  at his university that found a link between rapid loss of smell in aging adults and a decline in cognitive function in areas of the brain that are important in Dementia. The study  of 515 older adults was published in 2022 in Alzheimer’s & Dementia .   Other recent studies have also found a link between a decline in the sense of smell and a decline in memory. Researchers at the University of California San Francisco followed 1,794 adults ages 70 to 79 who did not have Dementia for 10 years and found that those whose sensory functions, including smell, declined even mildly showed an accelerated cognitive decline as well. Their study  was published in 2020, also in Alzheimer’s & Dementia .   Aromatherapy and Dementia: What Aromatherapy May Mean for Dementia Care   The big question is: Can this connection b etween scent and memory be turned around to help patients with Dementia manage and control their symptoms? Research on Dementia and aromatherapy—a complementary therapy that uses essential oils from plants to help improve physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being—is sparse, but experts see it as a promising new field.   “There is some data supporting a role for sm e ll training (a form of aromatherapy), which suggests it can be helpful for patients with decreased smell due to viral infections such as COVID-19,” Dr. Pinto says. He  believes this kind of brain stimulation could possibly be extended to people with Dementia or mild cognitive impairment (a precursor to Dementia ) who also have smell impairment.   An author of the 2020 study in Alzheimer’s & Dementia , Willa D. Brenowitz,  PhD, MPH, an investigator at Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research in Portland, Oregon, says, “Smell is traditionally thought to be a preclinical indicator of Dementia and neurodegeneration affecting the olfactory bulb (the main brain region that processes smell).” If that’s true, she says, it would be unlikely that aromatherapy could have any impact on those with Dementia.   However, some small recent research suggests the possibility of an important role of olfaction (the sensation of smell) in quality of life. If this were to prove to be true too, aromatherapy could possibly be shown to help calm those with Dementia. “More work is needed in this area,” Brenowitz says.   O ne small study  led by researchers at the University of California Irvine’s Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders shows promise that aromatherapy could someday prove to help   mana ge  Dementia. The findings were  published in 2023 in Frontiers in Neuroscience . Researchers  enrolled 43 men and women ages 60  to 85 who were in good health and who had no diagnosis of cognitive impairment or Dementia. One group was given an odorant diffuser and told to turn it on for 2 hours at night when they went to bed. It diffused 7 essential oils: rose, orange, eucalyptus, rosemary, peppermint, laven der,  and lemon. Participants were exposed to one of the s cents  each night. The control group was given the same diffuser and the same instructions, but theirs contained distilled water with undetectable amounts of odor. After 6 months, the researchers found more of those exposed to the scents showed improvements in memory compared to those who were not exposed.   Researchers have also looked at the effects of aromatherapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of Dementia. In a 2021 review of 24 studies in Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders   Extra , researchers found that aromatherapy could potentially be a safe and effective therapy for people with Dementia because it appeared to improve quality of life and reduce distress. Inhalation of aromatherapy was the most common method across the studies because it works quickly and has little risk of adverse effects.   What to Know About Using Aromatherapy in Dementia   A romatherapy has been shown to improve sleep , relieve stress , help manage pain when combined with more conventional treatments , reduce anxiety , and help provide relief from depression symptoms .   Scents that have been  shown to create a sense of calm  include lavender, rosemary, and orange . Other scents that may reduce stress and anxiety  in clude chamomil e, sandalwood, and rose.   For  those wanting to try aromatherapy for someone with Dementia, here are some tips.   Always explain what you are doing to the person with Dementia. Let them know you are introducing scents to see if they like smelling them and how they make them feel. Aromatherapy may be inhaled or applied to the skin. A few drops of pure essential oils can be dropped onto a tissue, cotton ball, or warm compress and given to the person for smelling. Inhalation may also be done with a room diffuser. To apply essential oils on the skin (such as the wrist or feet), oils should be diluted in a carrier oil, such as coconut oil or olive oil, to prevent a skin reaction. Essential oils may also be added to bath water or added to lotions. Massage (with lotion or diluted oils) could be a nice way to introduce these essential oils onto the skin. Through trial and error, assess their response to each oil to see what type of effect it has. Some may be useful at nighttime before bed, while others may be beneficial to start the day.   Contributing Author: Beth W. Orenstein   Beth W. Orenstein is a freelance medical writer. A magna cum laude graduate of Tufts University, Orenstein has written for HealthDay, EverydayHealth, and the National Psoriasis Foundation and is a regular contributor to American Legion Magazine's Living Well and Radiology Today.   References :   Interview with Jayant M. Pinto, MD. University of Chicago. https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/39298   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Dementia. April 5, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/dementia/index.html   Harvard Gazette. What the nose knows: Experts discuss the science of smell and how scent, emotion, and memory are intertwined — and exploited. February 27, 2020. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/02/how-scent-emotion-and-memory-are-intertwined-and-exploited/   National Institute on Aging. Sense of smell linked to speed of brain loss and cognitive decline. March 30, 2023. https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/sense-smell-linked-speed-brain-loss-and-cognitive-decline   Associations of Olfaction With Longitudinal Trajectories of Brain Volumes and Neuropsychological Function in Older Adults. Neurology . February 28, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9990434/   U Chicago News. Rapid loss of smell predicts dementia and smaller brain areas linked to Alzheimer’s. July 28, 2022. https://news.uchicago.edu/story/rapid-loss-smell-predicts-dementia-and-smaller-brain-areas-linked-alzheimers   Rapid olfactory decline during aging predicts dementia and GMV loss in AD brain regions. Alzheimer’s & Dementia . April 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35899859/   Incident and faster rates of cognitive decline are associated with worse multisensory function summary scores. Alzheimer’s & Dementia . July 2020. https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.12134   PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. Aromatherapy with Essential Oils. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65874/   Interview with Willa Brenowitz, PhD, MPH. Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research. https://research.kpchr.org/Research/Our-People/Willa-Brenowitz   Overnight olfactory enrichment using an odorant diffuser improves memory and modifies the uncinate fasciculus in older adults. Frontiers in Neuroscience . July 2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1200448/full   Rapid Reversal of Cognitive Decline, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Quality of Life Using Multi-Modality Photobiomodulation Therapy. Case Reports . March 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31050946/   Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts Subsequent Dementia in Older U.S. Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . September 2017. https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.15048   Effectiveness and Safety of Aromatherapy in Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. December 2, 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739377/   National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Aromatherapy. January 2020. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aromatherapy   Mental Health Association of Delaware. The Benefits of Aromatherapy. June 7, 2021. https://www.mhainde.org/the-benefits-of-aromatherapy/   Effects of aromatherapy on depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gen Hosp Psychiatry.  September - October, 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37619300/   University of Minnesota. Aromatherapy. https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-do-i-choose-and-use-essential-oils   Lippincott Nursing Center. Aromatherapy Use in the Hospital Setting: Considerations for Nurses. April 15, 2021. https://www.nursingcenter.com/ncblog/april-2021/aromatherapy-use-in-the-hospital-setting   Aromatherapy: Essential oils and nursing. American Nurse . August 9, 2021. https://www.myamericannurse.com/aromatherapy-essential-oils-and-nursing/ Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Highlights of Better Brain Research™ in this Issue: A study of Fruit flies has uncovered new insights into the brain’s sense of direction and how regions of the brain communicate to help us find our way.   Researchers have discovered that people living with aphasia have more trouble coming up with words when they’re prompted by images and words that carry negative emotional meaning.   Scientists have developed the first 3D-printed brain tissue that can grow and function like typical brain tissue, which will help researchers better understand how brain cells communicate.   Research suggests that just thinking about spending time with your loved one produces more of the pleasure-inducing hormone dopamine within our brains.   Speaking in a lower-pitched tone of voice makes women and men sound more attractive to potential long-term partners, scientists have found.   Researchers can transform brain signals into audible speech with a combination of implants and artificial intelligence. They were able to predict the words that people wanted to say with an accuracy of 92% or more. Click here to go to the magazine. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Crossword Answer Revealed! See image below. Click here to go to the magazine containing this crossword. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Unlocking brain health and resilience.   Remarkable discoveries have been unfolding among the congregation of the School Sisters of Notre Dame. This unique exploration into the lives of these dedicated women has provided valuable insights into the mysteries of brain health and cognitive resilience. Let’s delve into the fascinating world of the Nun Study and uncover the secrets it holds about maintaining a healthy brain, including a peculiar finding that nuns with the pathology of a Dementia did not necessarily exhibit its symptoms.   The Nun Study Reveals Secrets of a Healthy Brain Initiated in 1986 by Dr. David Snowdon, the Nun Study focuses on a group of Catholic nuns whose lives have been dedicated to faith, service, and education. What makes this study particularly intriguing is its connection to brain health and aging. The nuns generously agreed to donate their brains for postmortem analysis, allowing scientists to examine the relationship between their lifestyles, cognitive abilities, and the physical state of their brains.   Healthy Aging and Cognitive Reserve The results of the Nun Study have been groundbreaking, revealing a strong connection between certain lifestyle factors and cognitive health. One key concept from this research is the idea of cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve refers to the brain’s ability to withstand damage and continue functioning optimally even in the face of aging or neurological diseases.   Education and Cognitive Reserve The nuns, many of whom were highly educated, exhibited a remarkable cognitive reserve. Education acts as a shield for the brain, providing a reserve that allows people to maintain cognitive function despite the wear and tear occurring over time. Investing in education enriches our brains and fortifies our cognitive resilience.   Social Engagement and Emotional Well-Being Beyond education, the Nun Study highlights the importance of social engagement and emotional well-being in maintaining cognitive health. The nuns who reported greater satisfaction in their lives and had strong social connections exhibited lower rates of cognitive decline. This emphasizes the holistic nature of brain health, acknowledging the interconnectedness of brain, body, and spirit.   Physical Exercise and Brain Benefits In addition to intellectual and social factors, physical exercise emerged as a crucial element in the Nun Study. The nuns who engaged in regular physical activities demonstrated better cognitive performance and a reduced risk of developing cognitive disorders. This reinforces the well-established link between a healthy body and a healthy brain.   The Enigma of Dementia Pathology One of the most intriguing aspects of the Nun Study is the discovery that some nuns who had the pathological signs of a disease associated with Dementia did not exhibit its symptoms. This "secret" phenomenon challenges conventional wisdom about the direct correlation between the presence of brain pathology and the manifestation of cognitive decline.   The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Defying Dementia Researchers hypothesize that the strong cognitive reserve built through education, social engagement, and intellectual stimulation protects against the outward expression of Dementia-related pathology. These nuns, despite having the physical markers of disease in their brains, maintained cognitive function due to the resilience fortified through a lifetime of intellectual pursuits and social connections.   Education as a Lifelong Journey Education doesn’t end with a diploma or a degree; it is a lifelong journey. Embrace the joy of learning, explore new subjects, and challenge your brain regularly. The Nun Study findings have shown us that each nugget of knowledge contributes to the cognitive reserve, building a resilient foundation for the challenges of aging.   Nurturing Social Bonds Cultivate meaningful relationships with family, friends, and community. Social engagement not only brings joy and fulfillment but also acts as a protective factor against cognitive decline. Make time for conversations, shared experiences, and laughter, recognizing the profound impact of human connection on brain health.   Prioritizing Emotional Well-Being Pay attention to your emotional well-being. Practice mindfulness, manage stress, and seek support when needed. The Nun Study underscores the significance of emotional health in preserving cognitive function, emphasizing the intricate connection between mental and emotional well-being.   Embracing Physical Activity Incorporate regular physical activity into your routine. It doesn’t have to be strenuous; a brisk walk, dancing, or gardening can offer substantial brain benefits. The Nun Study’s insights have taught us that taking care of our bodies directly contributes to the longevity and vitality of our brains.   Conclusion The Nun Study has given us a profound understanding of the factors contributing to brain health and cognitive reserve, including the intriguing revelation that some people with a disease pathology may not exhibit its symptoms. As we navigate life’s journey, let us heed the call to action embedded in this research. By embracing education, nurturing social bonds, prioritizing emotional well-being, and engaging in regular physical activity, we can fortify our cognitive resilience and lead fulfilling lives, maintaining the vibrancy of our brains well into the golden years. The School Sisters of Notre Dame have not only left a legacy of service and faith but have also gifted us with invaluable lessons on how to age with grace, wisdom, and a resilient brain.   A Call to Action As we reflect on the lessons from the Nun Study, it becomes clear that we can shape our cognitive destiny. The call to action is simple yet profound: Invest in your cognitive reserve. Whether through continued learning, fostering social connections, maintaining emotional well-being, or engaging in regular physical exercise, there are many avenues to build a better brain. What Can I Do?   Start small: Try writing your name and address on a piece of paper with your nondominant hand. If you’re right-handed, do it with your left. Don’t worry about perfection or legibility. Just complete the task as best you can. Then, repeat the process a few times to make incremental improvements.  Dust off a recipe book and get the ingredients to make a meal you’ve never made or one that your parents made that you haven’t had in ages. Lastly, get and read Dr. David Snowdon’s book “ Aging with Grace ” through your local library, bookstore, or online. Additional Selected Reading: Snowdon, D. A., Kemper, S. J., Mortimer, J. A., Greiner, L. H., Wekstein, D. R., & Markesbery, W. R. (1996). Linguistic ability in early life and the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease. Findings from the Nun Study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 800(1), 175-179. Snowdon, D. A. (2003). Healthy aging and dementia: findings from the Nun Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(5_Part_2), 450-454 . Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Tang, Y., Arnold, S. E., & Wilson, R. S. (2006). The effect of social networks on the relation between Alzheimer's disease pathology and level of cognitive function in old people: a longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet Neurology, 5(5), 406-412 . Mortimer, J. A., Snowdon, D. A., & Markesbery, W. R. (2003). Head circumference, education and risk of dementia: findings from the Nun Study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(5), 671-679 . Aging with Dignity (Publisher of Five Wishes). (n.d.). About Five Wishes. Retrieved from https://www.fivewishes.org/about-five-wishes/ . Click here to go to the magazine. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

How planting seeds can boost brain health.   Did you know that the simple act of growing a plant from seed is not just a garden adventure but also a scientifically proven way to improve brain health? In this article, we’ll explore the scientific aspects of how nurturing a seed into a thriving plant can positively affect our brains, providing a green pathway to enhanced cognitive well-being.   Nature Connection Scientific studies have shown that connecting with nature, even in small ways like growing plants, has profound effects on the brain. When we engage with plants, the brain releases chemicals such as dopamine and serotonin, which are associated with happiness and well-being. The sights, smells, and textures of plants activate different regions of the brain, promoting a positive and relaxed state.   Stress Reduction Growing a plant from seed has been linked to stress reduction through the regulation of cortisol, the stress hormone. Studies indicate that interacting with plants can lower cortisol levels in the body. Cortisol, when chronically elevated, can have negative effects on the brain, contributing to anxiety and impaired cognitive function. The act of gardening, including planting and caring for seeds, helps to manage cortisol, creating a more relaxed and stress-resistant brain.   Cognitive Stimulation Growing a plant involves various cognitive activities, such as planning, problem-solving, and learning about plant care. Engaging in these cognitive tasks stimulates neural plasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections between neurons. Scientific research suggests that cognitive stimulation promotes a healthy and resilient brain by enhancing neural plasticity, contributing to improved memory and cognitive function.   Exercise and Brain Blood Flow Gardening, including the physical work associated with growing plants from seeds, is a form of exercise. Exercise is known to increase blood flow to the brain, delivering essential nutrients and oxygen. The improved circulation supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens existing neural connections. This scientifically proven link between physical activity and enhanced brain blood flow emphasizes the importance of gardening as a brain-boosting activity.   Mood Enhancement The act of gardening, from planting seeds to witnessing the growth of plants triggers the release of endorphins — the brain’s natural feel-good chemicals. Scientifically, endorphins act as mood enhancers, creating a sense of happiness and reducing feelings of stress and discomfort. Growing a plant from seed becomes a natural way to promote positive emotions and uplift the overall mood, contributing to improved mental well-being.   Memory Consolidation Growing plants from seeds involves continuous learning about plant varieties, growth patterns, and optimal care practices. Scientific studies suggest that engaging in learning activities supports memory consolidation or the process of solidifying new information in the brain. The cognitive engagement and learning associated with gardening contribute to improved memory and the retention of new knowledge.   Gut-Brain Connection Surprisingly, the soil used for planting seeds is teeming with microbes, and scientific research has uncovered a fascinating relationship between soil microbes and brain health. The gut-brain connection, a collection of nerves and chemical signals, plays a crucial role in mental well-being. Exposure to soil microbes during gardening has been linked to positive effects on mood and cognitive function, highlighting the intricate connection between the microbial world and brain health.   Sense of Control The sense of control and accomplishment gained from growing a plant from seed has scientific implications for stress resilience. Studies show that people who feel in control of their environments are better equipped to cope with stress. The act of nurturing a seed into a plant provides a tangible sense of control, contributing to increased resilience in the face of life’s challenges.   Conclusion The science behind growing a plant from seed unveils a host of benefits for brain health. From the release of mood-enhancing chemicals to the stimulation of cognitive functions and the regulation of stress hormones, the act of nurturing a seed into a thriving plant is a scientifically backed strategy for building a better brain.   As we dive into the proven benefits of gardening, we discover that the simple joy of growing plants isn’t just a green-thumb adventure; it’s a journey toward a healthier, happier brain. So, the next time you plant a seed, remember that you’re not just tending to a plant; you’re scientifically cultivating a garden of well-being, where the roots of nature’s magic intertwine with the branches of brain health. What Can I Do? Seeds of Better Brain Health Go get some dirt. For some, that’s easy — dig into your backyard with a shovel. For others, it might mean going to a local hardware store and buying a bag that’s still light enough to carry. Put a small amount of dry dirt in a bucket and squeeze it in your hands. Take some time to smell and feel the dirt, but before you make a mess, do rinse off! While you’re at it, get some seeds, add a pot, then sun and water, and grow something. Is there a greenhouse, grocer, or flower or plant shop nearby? Consider stopping in and asking for the smallest plant that’s already begun life. Take it home and tend to it by reading about how to grow your little green friend. There are plenty of websites, videos, and apps online to learn how. Volunteer at a farm cooperative or visit a pick-your-own farm. You can search your local area online at pickyourown.org . Additional selected reading: Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224(4647), 420-421 . Van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H. (2000). Neural consequences of environmental enrichment. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1(3), 191-198 . Soga, M., & Gaston, K. J. (2016). Extinction of experience: the loss of human-nature interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14(2), 94-101 . Lowry, C. A., Smith, D. G., Siebler, P. H., Schmidt, D., Stamper, C. E., Hassell Jr, J. E., ... & Reber, S. O. (2016). The microbiota, immunoregulation, and mental health: implications for public health. Current Environmental Health Reports, 3(3), 270-286 . Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118-136 . Click here to go to the magazine. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Helping a family member living with Dementia brings rewarding moments, but it may also have its challenges. You see changes in your loved one and their needs, and sometimes, you feel tired, frustrated, or emotionally drained. To help minimize stress and streamline your day, it helps to have a toolkit of Dementia care tips on hand and a built-in schedule of giving some TLC (Tender Loving Care) to yourself as a care partner.   Here are some helpful tips for Dementia caregivers. Tips to Help You Navigate Helping a Family Member with Dementia People living with Dementia, especially as the syndrome progresses, often find it difficult to express themselves. Understanding and remembering what is asked of them may also be a challenge. As a caregiver, it helps if you stay positive and speak in a pleasant tone. When asking your loved one to do something, use simple words and phrases, and try to remain patient if they ask you to repeat your request or ask the same questions. If your loved one appears sad, angry, or upset, acknowledge their feelings. Tell them you see that they're angry or frustrated, and suggest doing something together, like a walk or helping you prep for a meal, says Laura N. Gitlin, Ph D , a professor in the College of Nursing and Health Professions and executive director of the AgeWell Collaboratory at Drexel University in Philadelphia.   Helping a Family Member Living with Dementia People living with Dementia may become confused at times. Having familiar objects and people around may help. Look at a photo album of family members with your loved one regularly, pointing out who's who . Routine can bring comfort as well. Help them keep a regular sleep, hygiene, and healthy meal schedule as much as possible. Post notes in the bathroom or on the refrigerator as reminders of routine tasks, like brushing teeth and taking medicines. Place labels or photos on cupboards and drawers to help them remember what's there.   Mealtime may go more smoothly if you plan it in advance and make foods you know your loved one likes. Smaller portions are best so that their plate doesn't look overwhelming. If utensils are challenging, swap in finger foods or foods they can pick up instead, like chicken fingers or a Caesar salad wrap. Allow enough time for them to enjoy their meal slowly.   If your loved one is anxious, play calming music softly in the background to help reduce their restlessness. So the atmosphere remains calm; don't blast the TV or the radio, Gitlin says. Activities for Someone Living With Dementia People living with Dementia need to be engaged in daily life in meaningful ways. Everyday activities, like dressing and keeping up with hobbies, help to provide meaning and purpose to life, regardless of what stage of Dementia they're in, Gitlin says.   One way to include your loved one living with Dementia in an everyday activity is to have them help you prepare meals, Gitlin says. Ask them to help you make the salad. If they're able, the person living with Dementia might enjoy washing lettuce or putting pre-cut tomatoes or other salad items in a big bowl, Gitlin says. Remember to be specific in your instructions. Don't say, "Make a salad." Instead, suggest how to put the ingredients together in a bowl. They may also be able to set the table with your verbal instructions, Gitlin says. She says that if they do the task successfully, praise them and tell them what a great job they did.   Gitlin says keeping busy with activities may also improve their mood and help them stay calm. You'll want to match interests and abilities with the activities you set up. "Think about what the person living with Dementia used to like to do, and find activities that match that interest," Gitlin says. For example, someone who once worked with their hands might enjoy sorting beads or coins and moving them from one container to another. Warning: Please look for signs that the person might put small objects in their mouth to eat as if they were food. When this happens, which it can as Dementia progresses, only allow larger objects that cannot be swallowed.   Other activities to consider include folding towels or clothes, vacuuming rugs, rolling a ball of yarn, and washing dishes (even if they don't get clean), Gitlin says.   The options are truly endless. Sensory experiences like foot massages, petting an animal, brushing their hair, or even organizing spools of threads or boxes of old photos or jewelry may be calming and pleasurable. Be sure there's sufficient lighting and comfortable seating.   Regular exercise is also a wonderful way to keep people living with Dementia on a schedule of healthy movement—even a simple stroll around the block or walking laps around a mall or grocery store counts.   If your loved one is hungry or tired, it may not be the right time to try one of these activities, but you can always try later. Be flexible, too. "If they're helping you make a bed and the sheets don't line up, it's OK," Gitlin says. Dementia Safety Tips to Keep in Mind You'll need to adjust your loved one's living space to keep them safe. Make sure living areas are well-lit, including stairwells. Keeping the bedroom dark at night helps with sleep, but your loved one needs to be able to see how to get to the toilet. Motion-activated night lights may help navigation during the night. Clearing pathways is also vital to safety. Remove any fall hazards, such as throw rugs and electrical cords. Make sure tables are stable and at a height comfortable for them to eat and drink and that a wheelchair fits underneath if needed.   "I highly recommend asking your loved one's primary care doctor for a referral to an occupational therapist who can do a home evaluation for safety," Gitlin says.   Here's more on how to make a home safer  for someone living with Dementia. Don't Neglect Yourself Gitlin says that one of the first rules of caregiving is that you must first take care of yourself. Dementia care may be physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausting at times, so it's important to look after your health. Look for signs of feeling rundown or overwhelmed, and take action when needed.   Ask for help from other family members, friends, and community groups, such as your church or synagogue, Gitlin says. Many places offer respite care for people living with Dementia. Find resources in your neighborhood, and sign up your loved one for as many days as you need. Local senior living groups may also offer these services.   Your Dementia caregiver toolkit includes self-care. Take time to do things you enjoy: walk, grab coffee with a friend, or see a movie. Be sure to get enough sleep, exercise in a way you enjoy, and eat nourishing meals. These things can give you a fresh perspective and energy for your role as a caregiver. Dementia Caregiver Support: Help Is Available Here are some Dementia caregiver support resources that may help:   ●       Dementia Society of America:  On our website,  you can find resources such as online caregiver training, reading materials, videos, and more, and you can search for support in your area by zip code in the Member Directory tab in our website navigation menu.   ●       Care.com :   Connects families with local ho me or facility care partners .   ●       Dementia Care Central :  P rovides in-person and online Dementia support groups for caregivers and those living with Dementia.   Contributing Author: Beth W. Orenstein   Beth W. Orenstein is a freelance medical writer. A magna cum laude graduate of Tufts University, Orenstein has written for HealthDay, EverydayHealth, and the National Psoriasis Foundation and is a regular contributor to American Legion Magazine's Living Well and Radiology Today.   References:   Interview with Laura N. Gitlin, PhD , professor in the College of Nursing and Health Professions and executive director of the AgeWell Collaboratory at Drexel University in Philadelphia, and co-author of A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia: Using Activities and Other Strategies to Prevent, Reduce and Manage Behavioral Symptoms .American Academy of Family Physicians: Caring for a Relative Who Has Dementia https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-a-relative-who-has-dementia/   National Library of Medicine: Dementia – home care https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm   NHS: Looking after someone with Dementia https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/living-with-dementia/looking-after-someone/   NHS: How to make your home dementia friendly https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/living-with-dementia/home-environment/   Kaiser Permanente: Dementia Support for Caregivers https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.dementia-support-for-caregivers.hw136008   Houston Methodist: How to care for someone with Dementia: 5 tips for caregivers https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2022/feb/how-to-care-for-someone-with-dementia-5-tips-for-caregivers/   Department of Health, State Government of Victoria, Australia: Dementia - activities and exercise. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dementia-activities-and-exercise Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Russell Conwell, the founder of Temple University, delivered an inspirational lecture entitled “Acres of Diamonds” across the country in the early 20th century, later published as a book. The principles in this lecture still hold true today. Acres of Diamonds “Acres of Diamonds” focuses on finding success and wealth in life by recognizing and cultivating the opportunities available to us. This theme is developed by an introductory anecdote, credited by Conwell to an Arab guide, about a man who wanted to find diamonds so badly that he sold his property and went out in a futile search. The new owner of his home discovered that a rich diamond mine was located right there on the property. Conwell encourages readers to "dig in your own backyard!" Hidden Treasure to Consider for Care How many hidden treasures do we all have that we don’t realize? The Antiques Road Show demonstrates this tenet often with example after example of people who had an artifact or painting in their attic that has been sitting there unnoticed for decades, and it turns out to be worth a lot of money…for something that people thought was worthless. Who would have thought that an original Apple 1 computer would be worth $500,000? This is not to say that everyone has a Picasso in their attic, but this does beg the question: What do we have around us that is hidden but may be more valuable than we think? Need to Pay for Long-Term Care? Something to Consider One of these “hidden treasures” may surprise you - your life insurance policy (yes, even a term policy). If you want and need your policy, you should keep it. But, so many people feel that they no longer need their policies, or the policies become too expensive to maintain. Importantly, families often contact the Dementia Society of America® to ask how they can best pay for long-term care when or if it becomes necessary. For that reason alone, it’s important to understand the tools available to you and consult your financial and/or legal professional before making any important decisions about whether you can and should sell a policy. Still interested in knowing more? Here are some facts: in recent years, about 3,000 individuals sell their policies annually. Whereas 2.5 million older adults simply let lapse or surrender their policies yearly. According to the Life Insurance Settlements Association, more than $100 billion of face-value policies are lapsed by adults over the age of 65 every year. This begs the question – why? Many folks simply do not know that their life insurance policy is an asset that they own and that there is another option to sell their life insurance policy and receive cash for it. The process of selling a life insurance policy is called, for short, a life settlement. The life settlements market has been a legal way to benefit from selling a policy for over 100 years and is highly regulated by Departments of Insurance nationwide. Obviously, there are a million reasons why people may wish to get rid of their policies, but ultimately, the policies are unwanted, unneeded, or unaffordable. Over time, life changes, and the reason someone purchased a life insurance policy may no longer be a concern. Perhaps a spouse has passed away, the kids have moved out of the house, the house is paid off, etc. A term policy may end, or it may no longer fit into their budget. People may feel as if they have no other option but to lapse or surrender. They are unaware that an alternative may be available, including the sale of the policy. Here's an Example Consider this example: a 72-year-old individual with a $1,000,000 universal life policy. There is $6,000 in cash left in it. The premium to continue the policy is $2,500 per month. He did not want to afford those premiums. The options? Lowering the death benefit of the policy did not make sense to him. Surrendering the policy would bring in $6,000. Instead, his financial advisor advised considering a life insurance settlement. The result? For illustrative purposes, the person might receive as much as $150,000. Of course, each situation is different, and you should know the facts about the value of your policies before deciding to sell. As with any asset, the funds received from selling a policy are unrestricted. Use the money for anything – save for retirement, pay for medical needs, long-term Dementia care, support your favorite non-profit organization, take a “bucket list” trip, etc. Policies do not need to be million-dollar policies either. Face values, also known as the death benefit, of policies of around $100,000 are eligible. This “hidden asset” is already in many people’s possession, and many options are available, so speaking with your financial or insurance professional is important. As said previously, if a person wants to keep their policy, they should. A Financial Asset That May Be Found Money, a Hidden Treasure However, if someone has decided that lapsing or surrendering the policy makes the most sense for them, they may want to consider one more option – selling it. 90% of older adults surveyed said that had they known about a life insurance settlement option, they would have considered it “found money.” Your policy may be your “Acres of Diamonds,” a financial treasure hiding in plain sight. Contributing Author: Lisa Rehburg For more than 30 years, Lisa Rehburg has been working with insurance brokers, financial advisors, and clients in the health and life insurance industries. She has held executive roles at carriers, general agencies, and third-party administrators (TPAs). More information about Lisa and life settlements can be found here https://www.rehburglifesettlements.com/ Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Setting Up a Safe Home Space When you’re caring for a parent or a loved one living with Dementia at home, setting up a safer space may help prevent them from tripping, falling, and becoming confused. Creative home updates that help your loved one see or find objects more easily and move through the home independently may also help keep them happier, healthier, and safer at home for longer. Here’s how to make a home that is Dementia-friendly so they can make the most of their daily living space. For starters, basic home safety is an essential factor in Dementia care. “People living with Dementia are more vulnerable to trips and falls because their coordination, balance, and spatial awareness may be impaired,” says Aldrich Chan, PsyD , a neuropsychologist who practices in Miami. Getting rid of trip hazards in the home—such as long cords, wires, clutter, and rugs—may help prevent your loved one from falling and injuring themselves. Remove clutter, swap long cords (such as electrical or extension cords) for shorter versions, and remove any rugs or mats that may be tripping hazards. Another way to help prevent trips and falls is by installing motion-activated night lights to help people living with Dementia see where they’re going when they get up in the dark and also see better in poorly lit areas. Consider placing such lights in the kitchen, hallways, and bedroom, and around the stairs. Pay Particular Attention to Smoke Alarms You’ll also want to ensure that the home’s smoke detectors are functioning and that the alarm, should it go off, is loud enough for someone living with Dementia to hear even when their ear is on the pillow, and covers are over their head. According to the U.S. Fire Administration, you should check your home’s smoke detectors monthly and get new ones every 10 years. Store and Secure Storage safety is another factor to consider in creating a Dementia-friendly home, and certain items should be placed behind locked cabinets. For example, someone living with Dementia may confuse household cleaning products—such as detergents, laundry or dishwasher pods, and colorful liquid cleaners—with candy, edible foods, or drinks. These products are extremely toxic and dangerous to ingest. Plastic bags may also be a threat, as they may inadvertently become a suffocation hazard for people living with Dementia. Knives, scissors, and other sharp, pointed objects are also safety risks. “People living with Dementia may experience behavioral and psychological symptoms that can lead to agitation, confusion, or even aggression,” Chan says. “Access to sharp objects increases the risk of self-harm or harm to caregivers and family members during distress.” A Dementia-friendly home should have all of these items stored in cabinets with locks that can be found in the “childproofing” section of a big box retailer or on the Internet. Stairs may pose another safety risk. Put brightly colored or reflective tape on the edges of the steps, and ensure all the steps are sturdy and secure. You’ll want to install textured strips or use non-skid wax on floors made of hardwood or tile to keep them from becoming slippery. “Preventing accidents in the home is so important when people are living with Dementia,” Chan says. In the kitchen, choosing appropriate appliances is key. People living with Dementia may forget they turned an appliance on and walk away from the kitchen, which may be dangerous or create a mess, depending on the appliance. Choose small electric appliances that will shut themselves off after a specific amount of time, such as tea kettles or drip coffeemakers. Although expensive, automatic shutoff switches can be installed on the stove. Another approach is to remove knobs from stoves and secure them when not needed. Disconnect or Make it Difficult to Operate Machinery You may also consider disconnecting the garbage disposal to help prevent any potential injuries. People living with Dementia can become confused and have “altered judgment, and that could result in their putting inappropriate or non-food items in the disposal, leading to clogs or damage,” Chan says. If disconnecting the disposal doesn’t make sense for the rest of the household, ask an electrician to put the on/off switch inside a cabinet and secure the cabinet when not in use. If your loved one forgets where things in the kitchen or around the house are located, labeling cupboards, cabinets, and drawers with their contents (or including photos) may help them visualize what’s inside. Labeling can preserve the person’s dignity, Chan says. “By using labels discreetly, it allows individuals living with Dementia to maintain their independence, as they can more easily locate items without constant assistance,” Chan says. When it comes to the bathroom, set the home’s water heater to 120°F to help prevent too-hot temperatures when washing hands or using the shower or bath. Installing handrails, a bath seat, a plastic shower stool, or a handheld showerhead may make showering and bathing easier. Certain color choices in the bathroom may help identify essential items. If possible, have toilet seats, handrails, towels, and soap in contrasting colors from the walls and their surroundings. For example, if the bathroom walls are white or beige, a colorful toilet seat or toilet seat cover may be easier for your loved one to identify, as opposed to a standard white one, and a green bar of soap may be easier to see than a white bar on a white countertop. Replacing shower curtains that have busy patterns with those that are solid colored may make them less confusing and distracting as well. Lastly, to help prevent your loved one from slipping and falling in the bathroom, buy larger, non-slip bath mats or install non-slip flooring throughout the bathroom. Some floor tiles can be made more non-slip through special surface treatments without replacing them. Check with a professional flooring expert to get it done right if you want to go in that direction. People living with Dementia can have difficulty managing locks, Chan says, so you may want to remove the locks from the bathroom doors to help prevent them from getting locked inside. Instead, you may wish to install non-locking lever-style door handles on both sides of the door. Mirrors Can Have an Interesting Impact You may also cover or remove mirrors in the bathroom and elsewhere in the home. People living with Dementia may not understand the concept of their reflection, and seeing “someone” in the mirror may become a source of anxiety for them. Use a hand mirror alongside the person living with Dementia if you want to show them something on their face or in their mouth or to gently help them better cope with mirrors and reflections if removing all reflective surfaces is impractical. In the bedroom, it’s helpful to clarify what’s what. Paint the bedroom door a different color from the hallway to make it easier for the person living with Dementia to recognize. Choose bed linens in colors that contrast with the carpet so the bed is easy to see, such as navy bedding on the cream carpet. Likewise, furnish the room with sofas and chairs in colors that contrast with the walls. This will help them stand out and be easier for your loved one to see. A sturdy chair with armrests can make it easier for the person living with Dementia to maintain their balance while getting dressed and putting on their shoes. You’ll also want to decorate any large glass panels, picture windows, and sliding glass doors with eye-level decals so they’re identifiable and no one walks into the glass. Make these changes to the home gradually. You never want to make major updates to a loved one’s living space overnight. Significant changes may cause people living with Dementia to become even more confused, so update slowly so they have time to adjust to a new layout or adaptations. Bottom-Line, Change Only What Helps All of these changes might not be necessary for everyone, so evaluate the living space and see what basic home safety updates may be necessary and what additional Dementia-friendly home design ideas may be helpful. Contributing Author: Beth W. Orenstein Beth W. Orenstein is a freelance medical writer. A magna cum laude graduate of Tufts University, Orenstein has written for HealthDay, EverydayHealth, and the National Psoriasis Foundation and is a regular contributor to American Legion Magazine's Living Well and Radiology Today. References: ●       NHS: How to make your home dementia friendly. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/living-with-dementia/home-environment/ ●       U.S. Fire Administration: Smoke Alarms.  https://www.usfa.fema.gov/prevention/home-fires/prepare-for-fire/smoke-alarms/   ●       National Council on Aging: Home Safety for Older Adults: A Comprehensive Guide 2023. https://www.ncoa.org/adviser/medical-alert-systems/home-safety-older-adults/   ●       Better Health Channel: Dementia — safety issues. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dementia-safety-issues   ●       National Institute on Aging: Home Safety Checklist. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/home-safety-checklist-alzheimers-disease ●       Social Care Institute for Excellence: Dementia-friendly environments. https://www.scie.org.uk/dementia/supporting-people-with-dementia/dementia-friendly-environments/ ●       Social Care Institute for Excellence: Dementia-friendly environments: Toilets and Bathrooms. https://www.scie.org.uk/dementia/supporting-people-with-dementia/dementia-friendly-environments/toilets-and-bathrooms.asp ●       Social Care Institute for Excellence: Dementia-friendly environments. https://www.scie.org.uk/dementia/supporting-people-with-dementia/dementia-friendly-environments/bedrooms.asp Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.