Click here for Spanish Click here for French Video Transcript [Answer 1022] Welcome and thank you for joining me. Today we're going to talk about Dementia and spirituality, especially for people living with Dementia in the late to final stages. As Dementia progresses, a person's memory, speech, and awareness may fade, but their spiritual needs often remain strong. Spirituality is not only about religion. It's about meaning, comfort, and connection to something greater than ourselves. Why is spirituality important? Even when words are lost, people with Dementia can still feel love, peace, and belonging. A gentle touch, a kind voice, or a familiar prayer can bring deep comfort. Spiritual care helps the person feel safe and valued, reminding them that their life still has purpose and worth. How can we support spiritual well-being? Start by honoring the person's faith or personal beliefs. Play favorite hymns. Read short prayers or share calming poems or verses. Light a candle. Offer gentle music or hold their hand during a quiet moment. These small acts can bring calm and connection, especially near the end of life. If the person can no longer speak, pay attention to their expressions and responses. A smile, a sigh, or a relaxed body may show comfort and peace. For caregivers and families, just being present without words is the greatest spiritual gift you can give. This time can also be sacred for you. Reflect on shared memories, express love, and say what matters most. Remember that spiritual care is about presence, not perfection. Simply being there with kindness and an open heart is enough. Through faith, compassion, and human connection, we can bring comfort and dignity to every stage of Dementia. On behalf of the Dementia Society of America®, thank you again for joining me today. Stay informed, stay healthy, and take care of yourself. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Dementia Unplugged: Care Conversations | Immersive Virtual Reality Video Care Opportunities With Virtual Reality Jeannine Forrest joins PJ Ware and Susan Limongelli of NRG VR Journeys to discuss virtual reality and its potential to create meaningful experiences and connections for people living with Dementia. It is just one example of the people, programs, research, ideas, and experiences that Dementia Unplugged: Care Conversations will continue to explore. About Dementia Unplugged™: Care Conversations Real people. Real experiences. Real care conversations about Dementia. Dementia Society of America® brings us Dementia Unplugged™: Care Conversations, a series created to listen, learn, and explore the many different experiences that make up the Dementia care community. Exploring New Possibilities in Dementia Care Led by Dr. Jeannine Forrest, a Dementia care expert and member of the Dementia Society of America Advisory Council, these conversations go beyond prepared presentations and traditional interviews. Instead, Jeannine sits down with people whose lives and work are intertwined with Dementia—and simply starts a conversation. Listening to the Dementia Care Community There is no single Dementia experience. Through Care Conversations, Jeannine will speak with a wide variety of voices from across the Dementia community, including: Care partners and family members sharing their personal experiences Professionals developing new approaches to Dementia care Researchers discussing emerging research and findings Organizations introducing innovative programs and resources Individuals bringing new ideas, perspectives, and lived experiences to the conversation Some conversations may introduce something new. Others may ask difficult questions. And sometimes, the most important thing is simply giving someone the opportunity to tell their story. The goal is to listen, ask questions, learn from one another, and help more people better understand the many sides of Dementia. Join the Dementia Care Conversation Whether Dementia has touched your life personally, professionally, or you simply want to learn more, we invite you to listen along. Every experience can teach us something. Every question can lead to greater understanding. And every conversation can help us all Know Dementia® a little better. Watch or listen to Dementia Unplugged: Care Conversations here: YouTube Vimeo Spotify Apple Music Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Click here for Spanish Click here for French Video Transcript [Answer 1010] Welcome and thank you for joining me. Today we're going to talk about how to support a person living with Dementia who also has aphasia. Aphasia is a condition that makes it hard for someone to use or understand words. This can make everyday communication more difficult, but there are many ways we can help. First, remember that the person is still the same inside. Even if they have trouble finding words or speaking clearly, be patient and give them extra time to answer. Do not rush or finish their sentences for them unless they ask. A calm and respectful pause can help them feel safe and valued. Second, use short, simple sentences. Speak slowly and use a gentle tone of voice. If the person does not understand the first time, try saying it differently. Sometimes repeating with fewer words makes the message clearer. Third, add visual support. You can point to objects, show pictures, or use gestures to help them understand. For example, if you are asking if they want tea, hold up the cup as you ask. These small steps can make communication easier and less stressful. Fourth, create a quiet and supportive space. Turn off the TV or radio when talking to reduce distractions. A calm environment helps the person focus and feel more comfortable. Finally, always show respect. Even if the person struggles to speak, look at them, listen carefully, and let them know you care. A smile, gentle touch, or nod can say as much as words, Supporting someone with Dementia and aphasia takes patience and kindness. With small changes, we can make a big difference in their quality of life. On behalf of the Dementia Society of America®, thank you again for joining me today. Stay informed, stay healthy, and take care of yourself. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission. Social Share 10-9-2026

Two people walking on a path, one with a cane. When someone you love is living with Dementia, questions about medications often come quickly: Is there anything that can slow this down? What helps with memory? What about agitation or hallucinations? Are these medications safe? The answers depend on the type of Dementia and the symptoms a person is experiencing. While no medication cures Dementia, some treatments can modestly slow progression in certain forms of Alzheimer’s disease, and others can help manage symptoms that affect quality of life. Most drug treatments are initially tested and studied with a specific pathology in mind; therefore, when we discuss particular medications, we may refer to the treatment for only ONE underlying disease, for example, just Alzheimer's, but not all other causes of Dementia. Whereas, over time, additional pathologies may be studied and approved for use with that same drug. Doctors who use a drug "off-label" may use a medication that was originally tested and FDA-approved with only ONE disease pathology in mind (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), yet the physician may believe that it could be safe and effective for managing symptoms of a different Dementia-related disease pathology (e.g., Vascular Dementia) that their patient is experiencing. Let’s walk through what families should know. Medications That May Slow Alzheimer’s Disease In recent years, new treatments have become available for people in the earliest symptomatic stages of Alzheimer’s disease — specifically those with 1) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s or mild Alzheimer’s Dementia, and 2) confirmed amyloid buildup in the brain. Two FDA-approved medications — lecanemab (Leqembi®) and donanemab (Kisunla®) — are designed to reduce amyloid plaques in the brain. Clinical trials show they can modestly slow cognitive decline, though they do not stop or reverse the disease. These medications are given by intravenous infusion and require careful monitoring, including regular MRI scans. A key risk is something called ARIA (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities), which may involve brain swelling or small bleeds visible on MRI. In rare cases, ARIA can be serious. These treatments are not appropriate for everyone and require evaluation by a specialist. Families considering them should have detailed conversations about eligibility, risks, benefits, monitoring, and cost. Medications That Help With Memory and Thinking For many years, the mainstay of Dementia treatment has been medications that help with symptoms — particularly memory and thinking. Cholinesterase Inhibitors, which include Donepezil (Aricept®), Rivastigmine (Exelon®), and Galantamine (Razadyne®) These drugs increase a brain chemical called acetylcholine, which helps with memory and learning. They are commonly used in: Alzheimer’s disease Dementia with Lewy bodies Parkinson’s disease Dementia Sometimes mixed Dementia These medications may provide modest improvements or stabilization in memory, attention, and daily functioning for a period of time. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, weight loss, dizziness, and, in some cases, a slowed heart rate. Because of this, regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important. Memantine (Namenda®) Memantine works differently: it helps regulate a brain chemical called glutamate, which, in high amounts, can damage brain cells. It is typically used in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease, sometimes along with donepezil. It may help with cognition and daily functioning. Side effects are generally mild but can include dizziness, confusion, and headache. Remember, these medications do not stop disease progression. Instead, they may help maintain abilities for a time. Differences Across Dementia Types Not all Dementias respond the same way to medications. Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson's Disease Dementia People living with Lewy body-related Dementias, including Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, often respond particularly well to cholinesterase inhibitors, especially for cognitive symptoms and sometimes hallucinations. However, they can be extremely sensitive to certain medications, particularly older antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and haloperidol (Haldol). These drugs may worsen movement symptoms or cause severe reactions. Medication decisions in Lewy body Dementia require extra caution. Vascular Dementia There is no medication proven to slow vascular Dementia specifically. The most important treatment approach is aggressive management of vascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol, and stroke risk. When Alzheimer’s pathology is also present (mixed Dementia), Alzheimer’s medications may still be helpful. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) In FTD, memory medications generally do not help and may sometimes worsen behavior. Instead, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are antidepressant medications, are commonly used as the first-line pharmacological treatment for behavioral symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), particularly the behavioral variant (bvFTD). These medications, such as sertraline (Zoloft), are generally safe and well tolerated in older adults, and can be beneficial for mood, impulsivity, irritability, or compulsive behaviors. Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms Agitation, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, sleep disruption, and paranoia are common in Dementia. Before turning to medication, it's essential to look for underlying causes: Pain Infection Constipation Medication side effects Environmental stress Hunger, dehydration, or poor sleep Non-drug approaches are always the first step. When medication is needed: Antidepressants (especially SSRIs) may help with depression, anxiety, or irritability. Sleep medications should be used cautiously. Brexpiprazole (Rexulti®) is an FDA-approved atypical antipsychotic specifically for agitation associated with Alzheimer's Dementia. A Word About Antipsychotics Antipsychotics are sometimes prescribed for severe agitation, aggression, or psychosis. However, families should be aware of significant risks. The FDA has issued a boxed warning stating that antipsychotics increase the risk of death in older adults with Dementia-related psychosis. They are also associated with increased risk of stroke, sedation, falls, worsening confusion, and movement side effects. Because of these risks: Use them only when symptoms are severe or dangerous. Use the lowest effective dose. Treatment should be regularly reassessed. Attempts to reduce or stop the medication should be made when possible. In Lewy body Dementia, extreme caution is required. Families should feel comfortable asking: What symptom is this medication targeting? What benefits should we expect? What are the risks? When will we reassess? The Bottom Line No medication cures Dementia. Some treatments may modestly slow early Alzheimer’s disease. Others help manage symptoms that affect safety and quality of life. Medication decisions should always be individualized, regularly reviewed, and paired with non-drug strategies and strong caregiver support. If you have questions about Dementia medications, talk with your healthcare provider or a Dementia specialist. Knowledge helps families make informed, confident decisions. Sources U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA). Approval announcements for lecanemab (Leqembi®), donanemab (Kisunla®), and brexpiprazole (Rexulti®). National Institute on Aging (NIA). “How Is Alzheimer’s Disease Treated?” Alzheimer’s Association. “Medications for Memory, Cognition & Behavior.” British Association for Psychopharmacology. Guidelines for anti-Dementia drugs. Lewy Body Dementia Association. Treatment guidance. New England Journal of Medicine. Trial of pimavanserin in Dementia-related psychosis. JAMA Neurology; BMJ. Studies on antipsychotic risks in Dementia. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Click here for Spanish Click here for French Video Transcript [Answer 1013] Welcome and thank you for joining me. Today we're going to talk about how to balance independence and safety in people living with Dementia. Autonomy means having the ability to make choices and feel independent. Safety means protecting someone from harm. For people living with Dementia, both are very important, but sometimes they can seem to work against each other. On one hand, people living with Dementia want and deserve to have a say in their daily lives. They may want to choose their clothes, decide what to eat, or enjoy activities they have always loved. Allowing choices helps them feel respected and valued. It reminds everyone that they are still the same person with their own likes and dislikes. On the other hand, Dementia can bring risks. Forgetting to turn off the stove, wandering outside alone, or mismanaging medicines can put someone in danger. That is why caregivers often feel torn between keeping the person safe and letting them stay independent. A helpful approach is to find a middle ground. Instead of taking away choices, we can offer safe options. For example, instead of asking "What do you want to wear?", you might show two outfits and let them decide. If cooking is risky, let them help with safe tasks like stirring or setting the table. If walking outside alone is unsafe, suggest walking together. It also helps to adjust the environment. Simple changes like removing tripping hazards, labeling drawers, or using automatic shut-off appliances can reduce risks while still giving the person freedom. Balancing autonomy and safety is not always easy, but with patience, respect, and creativity, it can be done. The goal is to protect without taking away dignity. On behalf of the Dementia Society of America®, thank you again for joining me today. Stay informed, stay healthy, and take care of yourself. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

We don't know exactly. What actually causes Dementia is a difficult question. An infinite number of factors, alone or in combination, may increase the risk of, or be associated with, Dementia. To add to the mind-boggling complexity, each of us is the outcome of a unique collection of genes, lifestyle behaviors, and environmental exposures. Similar to the word “cancer,” the word “Dementia” is an umbrella term that includes many kinds of Dementia. And again, similar to cancer, the Dementias share certain characteristics such as memory loss, but also have ones specific to a particular type of Dementia. For example, Alzheimer's disease tends to have a slow progression, and vascular Dementia tends to progress with bursts of increased disability. In the case of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, the answer might be less complicated than it is for other kinds of Dementia. Scientists have identified genes that appear to cause the kind of Dementia that strikes people younger than 65 years of age. People who have early-onset Dementia genes can pass the trait on to their children. However, these findings also raise more questions. Do the early-onset genes actually cause the disease, or do they increase the risk to the extent that makes having early-onset Dementia a given? Perhaps the relationship between genetics and this form of Dementia involves other genes and factors that, in combination, cause early-onset Dementia. Genetics may or may not play a role in the onset of other kinds of Dementia. For example, approximately 15 to 40 percent of people who have frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTD) have a family history that includes at least one other relative who also has or had this kind of Dementia. However, only 10 percent of these individuals have a form of disease attributable to specific genes. This means that for 90 percent of cases, scientists have yet to identify genes that increase the risk of frontotemporal lobe Dementia. Although one cannot change their genetics, it is possible to reduce the risk for Dementia by modifying certain lifestyle behaviors. How Can I Reduce My Risk of Dementia? There are many lifestyle behaviors that appear to increase risk for Dementia. Some of these include obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and lack of regular exercise. Social isolation and not having meaningful friendships also appear to increase the risk for Dementia. Another risk factor is a lack of mental stimulation that comes from acquiring new skills and knowledge. The good news is that one can reduce the likelihood of Dementia by losing weight, eating a healthy diet, refraining from or stopping smoking, exercising, and attending community center activities or taking classes at a local college or university. Unlike behavioral changes, it's difficult to impossible to avoid environmental risk factors. While one can try to avoid environmental toxins such as second-hand smoke, it’s not possible to avoid fumes from car exhaust or certain building materials. Over the past 50 years, the 10 leading causes of death have changed dramatically. Deaths caused by acute infectious diseases and accidents have given way to lingering diseases such as cancer and Dementia – both of which tend to occur later in life. Therefore, for many people, advanced age is their biggest risk factor for having Dementia. Content Contributor: Janet Yagoda Shagam, Ph.D., is a freelance medical and science writer and the author of "An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia.", available through Amazon. Please visit our Author's page to learn more and find this title. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

For many families, finances and the cost of Dementia care can be one of their greatest worries. Families hope they have enough assets to cover expenses for the next four to 10 years. According to a Care.com Usage and Attitude Family Caregiver survey, in 2014, over 50 percent of families spent more than $5,000 per year to cover out-of-pocket expenses. The same survey found that 7 percent of respondents reported spending more than $50,000 per year to cover their loved one's care costs. Talking about personal finances is often difficult. To make these initial family discussions as smooth as possible, invite an elder-care lawyer, a financial advisor, or a geriatric care manager to guide the discussion and offer their expertise. The goals of this and ensuing conversations are to define needs and expenses, and based on this information, develop a realistic financial plan. Dementia care is more than house utilities and groceries. Home expenses also include rent or mortgage payments, home maintenance, home and car insurance, and assorted federal, state, and local taxes. Dementia care also involves the out-of-pocket deductibles and co-pays associated with the diagnostic procedures and treatments for Dementia and any other medical conditions your loved one may have. Don't overlook expenses like personal care supplies, equipment rentals and purchases, adult daycare, and assisted living fees. Sadly, your loved one may have neither sufficient savings nor income to pay for the services he or she needs. Finding the Money for Dementia Care What happens then? Sometimes families can and are willing to pay the difference — and sometimes not. Long-term care insurance is expensive, must be purchased well before you need it, and is not long-term in the sense of “forever care.” Often families must resort to state- and federally funded programs. Medicare (Parts A, B, and D) and most private insurance policies pay only for expenses not related to Dementia. However, your loved one may be eligible for Dementia coverage under one of several Medicare Special Needs Plans or "SNPs.” Other avenues are worth exploring, each with specific eligibility requirements. Some of these include Medicaid, a program that helps very low-income people get the healthcare they need, and the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), which provides comprehensive medical services to Medicare and Medicaid enrollees. The United States Veterans Administration (VA) offers a broad range of services to help veterans living with Dementia. To use VA programs and services, the veteran must be enrolled in the VA healthcare system. While the veteran does not need a service-related injury to receive Dementia benefits, the veteran must have an honorable or general discharge. Other strategies to supplement your loved one's income include a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (reverse mortgage), converting certain kinds of life insurance into long-term care insurance, and borrowing against the value of a life insurance policy. Disability insurance is another resource when Dementia makes employment no longer possible. Community not-for-profit organizations offer many helpful services, from household repairs and yard maintenance to elder daycare programs and caregiver respite grants. Sliding scale fees are another not-for-profit feature. Therefore, your loved one must meet eligibility criteria to receive a reduced rate. In summary, money does indeed matter in the setting of Dementia, and advance planning is important to provide optimal care for those individuals with Dementia. Content Contributor: Janet Yagoda Shagam, Ph.D., is a freelance medical and science writer and the author of "An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia.", available through Amazon. Please visit our Author's page to learn more and find this title. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

The revelation that actor Bruce Willis is living with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a reason to highlight this past post. In 1892, the German neurologist and psychiatrist Arnold Pick described a case involving an elderly patient with progressive loss of speech and Dementia. Later, when the patient died, the autopsy showed that specific brain parts had shriveled. Unlike the overall shrinkage associated with Alzheimer's Disease, this type of Dementia appeared to target the frontal and temporal lobes. The two frontal lobes, located at the front of each hemisphere, contain structures that control executive functions such as planning, organizing, and problem-solving. The frontal lobes also control behavior, emotions, and personality. The two temporal lobes, located on each side of the brain just above the ear, help us perceive and recognize faces and objects and transfer short-term memories into long-term memory. Symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia It is not surprising to discover that people living with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) may no longer seem like the people we once knew. A parent who was once friendly, polite, and careful about their appearance may say and do socially unacceptable things. Emotional blunting, or the inability to express verbal and non-verbal feelings, is another characteristic of this type of Dementia. Another indicator of FTD is difficulty in using and understanding spoken and written language. Language difficulties include repeated mispronunciations and the inability to make appropriate associations between objects and their name. Patients with frontotemporal lobe disease may use words and phrases such as “this,” “that,” and “over there” in place of specific nouns and descriptions. People who have Frontotemporal Dementia are not aware of how they have changed. Scientists do not know the cause of Frontotemporal Dementia. However, research demonstrates that genetics often plays a role in its development. Some studies show genetic alterations in genes that encode specific brain proteins in nearly 45 percent of people with family members who have certain types of Frontotemporal Dementia.1 These altered proteins form insoluble deposits in brain neurons. Protein deposition causes neurons to swell, burst, and die.2 It appears that genes play a role in nearly 45 percent of people who have Frontotemporal Dementia. However, it is also important to remember that for more than 50 percent of Frontotemporal Dementia families, genetics either does not play a role or is not yet an understood factor. Tests are available to determine if the Frontotemporal Dementia that you or another family member has is genetic. Deciding to undergo testing is not always easy. It is essential to consider how you and other family members might feel if you should receive positive results. Will knowing make you anxious, relieved, or empowered? Will other family members also want to test? How might this information affect family planning for you or your adult children? Will a positive test influence your employer or make it harder to get health or life insurance? Anybody would find these and many other questions challenging to answer. Often, people find that talking with a genetic counselor can make the decision to test – or not – easier. By explaining the technical and emotional aspects of genetic testing, the genetic counselor can help you make a comfortable decision. Afterward, the genetic counselor can explain the test results and guide a discussion of any further steps you may want to take. References: 1. HS Kirshner, “Frontotemporal lobe dementia: Genetic Distribution and Variation.” Accessed 2026. 2. W Leonard, MPH, “Causes of Dementia” (Updated 2025). Content Contributor: Janet Yagoda Shagam, Ph.D., is a freelance medical and science writer and the author of "An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia.", available through Amazon. Please visit our Author's page to learn more and find this title. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Have you ever taken a cruise, or even thought about doing so? Getting aboard a cruise ship for the first time, not knowing what comes next, can feel a bit scary. Fear that may have kept you from booking the trip for months, and maybe from doing it at all. Not being able to “see land,” or the destination, can sometimes lead to anxiety. But flip that around: once you've experienced it, you may not be able to imagine a life without the joy of meeting new people and exploring new cultures. But even well-worn ship captains use tools on every voyage to safely navigate and make steady progress: a map and a compass. Not knowing what's coming next can be frustrating and even disastrous, but with guidance and the right information, there can be a steady calm in the midst of the stormiest weather. Dementia, like cancer, is a term often fraught with an enormous amount of fear and anger stemming in large part from a shortage of information, or sometimes, too much. It's not uncommon for someone who has lived with a chronic and/or life-threatening illness, or who has acted as a caregiver, upon hearing the topic of a specific disease to feel so much pain that they do not wish to revisit the experience in any way, shape, or form. Repeated exposure may help dampen the immediate response, but without the ability to process unpleasant feelings and the right tools, it can remain painful for some time. Having a Compass Can Help In the case of Dementia, knowing is hard, but good. It's hard because we basically understand what it is: a gradual loss of cognitive abilities. But it's also valuable because the act of "knowing more" can relieve at least some of the anxiety. A map and a compass let you plan your actions and improve your responses as you cross the sea of life. Without a doubt, if you believe you or a loved one or friend is experiencing one or more cognitive challenges, it is imperative to sort through what's going on and begin to understand the possible causes, progression (if, in fact, it's Dementia), care, or interventions that make the most sense given whatever you learn. Neurologists (brain specialists), and particularly those who specialize in Dementia, are the current "Ship Captains" for a full cognitive workup. That's not to say that primary care physicians don't play an important role; they do. Even trained social workers, nurses, psychologists, psychiatrists, and many other healthcare professionals can help identify issues that need further insight and testing. Don't walk out of an annual check-up and say "everything's okay" if you know in your heart of hearts it isn't, or if others you respect and love say something is "still going on." Dig deeper. Get a check-up from the neck up, as Zig Ziglar used to say. Having a "neuropsych" examination, along with blood tests, a nutritional evaluation, and maybe even certain scans or more advanced tests, is often the right course of action. Eliminate all possible causes, even reversible forms, of cognitive difficulty and, as with most major health issues, seek second opinions as necessary. Over the next four months, we'll explore in greater depth the following leading forms of Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease, vascular dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia. Then we will follow with lesser-known types of Dementia which may result from traumatic brain injury (TBI), repetitive concussions (CTE), infections/viruses (CJD and HIV), alcoholism, and others. Knowledge is like a compass rose, always pointing north; it can guide, empower, and reduce anxiety. Like a ship setting sail to a new port of call, with a good map and a reliable compass, having "knowledge" tools helps you chart a course toward your best possible tomorrow. Author: Kevin Jameson, Volunteer | President | Chairman. Dementia Society of America. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

The health benefits of various foods and diets for improving overall health or reducing disease risk are newsworthy. Some articles promote the idea that eating fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps us maintain a healthy weight and lowers our risk of colon cancer. Others assert that the Mediterranean diet – one that encourages replacing red meat with fish and chicken, saturated fats with olive oil, and refined carbohydrates with whole grains – reduces the risk of heart disease, certain cancers, and diabetes. There are many older research studies touting the benefits of red wine in lowering blood cholesterol levels and thereby reducing the risk of heart disease, strokes, cataracts, and colon cancer. However, the current consensus on alcohol consumption is that even small amounts can be harmful. Therefore, with wine and other alcoholic beverages, moderation is key. However, most people are unsure how much constitutes a moderate amount. The Link Between Drinking and Dementia According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a low to moderate alcohol consumption is no more than one drink a day for women and older adults, and two for men. One drink is usually 1.5 ounces, or 15 grams, of alcohol, which equals about 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. These dietary guidelines refer to the amount consumed on any single day, not the average over several days. In other words: Do not save your daily allocation for a weekend binge. Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) conditions that include Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome and alcoholic Dementia, are the result of drinking too much alcohol over the course of several years. Though both types of ARBD exhibit Dementia-like symptoms, neither condition is true Dementia. The difference between ARBD and Dementias such as Vascular, Lewy body, or Alzheimer's disease is in the ability to treat or stop the progression of symptoms. Consuming more than the recommended amounts of alcohol does increase the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease and Vascular Dementia later in life. However, researchers have yet to establish the numerical relationship between alcohol consumption and risk for Dementia. The reasons are many and include research entirely dependent on reported observations and evaluating the variables that, in combination with alcohol consumption, affect the long-term risk for Dementia. However, one can state with certainty that the more you drink, the greater the likelihood of developing Dementia later in life. High alcohol consumption also increases the risk for stroke, heart and liver disease, and depression – all of which are well-known Dementia risk factors. Content Contributor: Janet Yagoda Shagam, Ph.D., is a freelance medical and science writer and the Author of "An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia", available through Amazon. Please visit our Author's page to learn more and find this title. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

"We need to make it right before it goes wrong." What a wonderful expression! The phrase gives you permission to say, "I need your help." Yes, it is true that some people, even without your asking, will be more than happy to volunteer their time. However, an uncommitted "Call if you need anything" is not the same as "What do you need? Tell me what I can do to help you." Many family and friends, perhaps not understanding the responsibilities and challenges you face, will require a little prodding. A good approach is to organize an informal gathering with your family and perhaps a few friends. Lunch or light refreshments may prevent the conversation from becoming confrontational. Use video conferencing to include and get input from family members who do not live nearby. Give examples of what they can do for you and for the loved one you share. A request for respite – just a few hours per week – is a good place to start. Explain that you need time to relax, take care of your health and well-being, socialize with friends, enjoy a little solitude, and catch up on lost sleep. Getting Support for Caregiving While you will appreciate their gift of time, your family can also make things easier in other ways. A sibling who does not live nearby can manage your loved one's finances. Family, friends, and even nearby neighbors can buy groceries, do the laundry, or take responsibility for things like a car, a house, or yard maintenance. Ask a family member or friend to accompany you and your loved one to doctor appointments or other places where you anticipate behavioral difficulties. A promise to go out to lunch after their doctor's appointment can improve everyone's mood. Use a calendar and sign-up sheet to free yourself from day-to-day management details. Exchange contact information to make communication as easy as possible. Consider designating a point of contact. Think about using an online app or website like Lotsa Helping Hands. A few words to caregivers – don't be stoic. Accept help! Promises aside, being a good caregiver matters more than being irritable, exhausted, and burnt out. A few words to family members – don't assume one person can shoulder all the responsibilities and challenges of caring for the loved one you share. It's unfair and will create ill feelings. Make yourself available, even if he or she says they neither need nor want your help. It's also important that you tell your family member that you appreciate his or her efforts – a gift certificate to a favorite restaurant or for a rejuvenating massage is another way to express your gratitude. Call or e-mail often - but not too often or at inconvenient times. In addition to checking in on your loved one, ask about their general well-being. Be an empathetic and supportive listener. And to caregivers, family members, and friends - the most important words you can say to one another are "Thank you." Content Contributor: Janet Yagoda Shagam, Ph.D., is a freelance medical and science writer and the Author of "An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia", available through Amazon. Please visit our Author's page to learn more and find this title. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Many of us, when unable to answer simple questions about the medications we take, promise to make a list before our next appointment. We know it's important, but we never seem to get around to doing so. Besides, we are quite sure our prescription history is already a part of our medical history file. However, your doctor may not know about prescriptions you received from other clinicians, or whether you take dietary supplements such as vitamins or alternative medicine herbals such as echinacea. Conversely, an emergency room doctor or another clinician may not easily access your medical records. The Importance of Keeping Good Medical Records in Dementia Keeping a current record of all the medications your loved one takes is especially important when Dementia is part of the equation. People living with Dementia may see physicians in addition to their family doctor, including a geriatrician, neurologist, or psychiatrist. It's also quite likely the person who lives with Dementia will require evaluation and treatment for conditions unrelated to his or her Dementia diagnosis. In addition, the progression of Dementia, memory loss, and other disabilities makes it imperative that a family member or other caregiver have access to the medication list. As a first step, make a complete list of the medications, supplements, and any herbals your loved one may use. The list, in the form of a table, should include the following information: the name of the medication, the daily dosage, the prescription number, the pharmacy contact information, the prescribing clinician's name and contact information, as well as the location of the medication in your loved one's place of residence. You may also want to jot down a few words about any side effects you or others have noticed. As a second step, and on a need-to-know basis, keep a hard copy of the compiled information available to other family members and other caregivers responsible for your loved one's care. Place another paper copy in a folder or a three-ring binder and leave it by the telephone. The folder, in addition to the medication list, should also include other important names and numbers, such as contact information for your loved one's doctors, as well as the local hospital, ambulance service, and emergency room. Create a file on your computer hard drive that contains all the information you need to oversee your loved one's care. Doing so will make it easy to update your loved one's medical records. Keep in mind that only certain people should have access to your loved one's Medicare, health insurance, and credit card information, as well as other confidential information. This will help prevent financial abuse and identity theft. And while you are at it – this is a good time to finally get around to tabulating your medications and other types of personally important information! Content Contributor: Janet Yagoda Shagam, Ph.D., is a freelance medical and science writer and the author of "An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver's Guide to Dementia", available through Amazon. Please visit our Author's page to learn more and find this title. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.