Caring for someone with Dementia means understanding how their daily life changes over time. Two important terms often used in Dementia care are ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) and IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). Knowing the difference between ADLs and IADLs can help caregivers track Dementia progression, plan care, and support independence for as long as possible. What Are ADLs? (Activities of Daily Living) ADLs are basic self-care tasks we all do every day. These are the essential activities needed to survive and stay healthy. Examples of ADLs: Eating  – Feeding oneself without help. Bathing and grooming  – Taking showers, brushing teeth, and combing hair. Dressing  – Putting on clothes, managing buttons and zippers. Toileting  – Using the bathroom and cleaning afterward. Mobility and transferring  – Walking, getting in and out of bed or chairs. Continence  – Controlling bladder and bowel movements. If someone struggles with ADLs, they often need hands-on caregiver support. What Are IADLs? IADLs are more complex tasks that allow someone to live independently in the community. These activities require thinking, planning, and organization. Examples of IADLs: Cooking and meal preparation  – Planning and making healthy meals. Managing medications  – Taking the right pills at the right times. Housekeeping and laundry  – Cleaning and maintaining a safe home. Handling money  – Budgeting, paying bills, and shopping. Transportation  – Driving, taking public transit, or arranging rides. Communication  – Using a phone, computer, or email to stay connected. People can often live independently with some help for IADLs, while ADL problems usually mean more full-time care is needed. How Dementia Affects ADLs and IADLs Dementia changes the brain, making it harder to remember, think, and plan. IADLs are usually affected first, followed by ADLs as Dementia progresses. Early Stages: IADLs Decline First Forgetting to pay bills or take medications. Leaving food cooking on the stove or skipping meals. Difficulty planning grocery shopping or following recipes. Since IADLs require more problem-solving and memory skills, caregivers often notice changes in these activities before basic self-care declines. Later Stages: ADLs Become Harder Forgetting how to dress correctly. Needing help with bathing or using the toilet. Trouble eating, drinking, or walking safely. This shift signals the need for increased caregiver support or professional Dementia care. Why Understanding ADLs vs IADLs Matters in Dementia Care Tracking which activities are getting harder can help families: Recognize early signs of Dementia progression. Plan for the right type of care at the right time. Maintain independence for as long as possible. In early Dementia, caregivers can focus on IADL support—such as medication reminders or help with cooking. In later Dementia, the focus shifts to ADL support—such as feeding, dressing, and bathing assistance. Caregiver Tips for Supporting ADLs and IADLs in Dementia 1. Encourage Independence Lay out clothes in the correct order to help with dressing. Give step-by-step instructions for bathing or cooking. Use simple tools like pill organizers or labeled drawers. 2. Adapt the Home Environment Remove clutter to prevent falls. Post visual reminders for daily routines. Use easy-to-open containers and assistive devices. 3. Be Patient and Supportive Dementia changes the way the brain processes information. Tasks that seem simple to you may feel overwhelming to your loved one. Be calm, patient, and offer gentle guidance to protect dignity. The Takeaway: ADLs, IADLs, and Dementia Care Understanding ADLs vs IADLs  is key to providing effective Dementia care. IADLs decline first , signaling early Dementia changes. ADLs decline later , requiring more hands-on help. Supporting independence, adapting the environment, and staying patient are essential caregiver strategies. With the right approach, people with Dementia can continue to live with comfort and dignity. Need Help With Dementia Care? At Dementia Society of America®, we provide resources, education, and support for families and caregivers. Visit DementiaSociety.org  to learn more about Dementia care strategies, support groups, and helpful tools for caregivers. Author:  AI-Assisted Human-Edited Staff Writer Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Social Media: Request Your Free Guide to Dementia, Caregiving, and Brain Health Video Transcript Hey everybody, thanks for joining me, Kevin, a volunteer with the Dementia Society of America. Again, thank you for being part of our social media. Maybe you've just followed us for good brain health information, good Dementia information. Maybe you've been part of a challenge or a fundraiser. Maybe you've created a birthday fundraiser or contributed to one. Whatever it is, I want to thank you very, very much. We want to get this free booklet into your hands. What Is the Big Umbrella? It's a 16-page guide in your hands that talks about what Dementia is and isn't. It's very colorful. It's filled with facts about Dementia, leading types of Dementia, causes, as well as clues. Like, what are some of the things, like signs, symptoms, clues that you might see if somebody's developing a cognitive impairment that we might call a Dementia? Also, evaluations and recommendations. We talk about doctor's visits. We have a whole care plan section, which is the Dementia action plan, seven steps to take in the face of Dementia. So you'll really learn a lot there. And we also have a whole brain boost section, 10 Building Blocks to Better Brain Health. So it's all here in this booklet. It's all free. We send you a few other tools that you can use if you're a caregiver or if you're somebody who maybe even has a cognitive impairment. And it's all free, sent to you. The envelope just says DSA requested information. It doesn't say Dementia on the outside of the envelope. It's all free and it's all sent to you. So just use the link below to go to a form, and give us your name and address, and everything so that we can send the Big Umbrella to you. If you want to make a donation, of course, we'd love that, but that's not required. But there's a link below the video for that as well. But our main goal is to raise awareness. We're a national nonprofit. You can look us up on Charity Navigator. There are other platforms where you can find information about us. We would just love to have you join us in terms of getting information, being educated, and being able to share that information with others because it really, really makes a difference. So thanks so much again. Get The Big Umbrella! Use the link below to connect to our web form, which you can fill out: put your name and address, we'll send you everything free of charge. It takes a couple of weeks to get and certainly we love your support, but the main thing is for you to get this very valuable information, so thank you so much, and be well. Bye-bye. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

A grandmother and granddaughter enjoy a relaxing afternoon together, watching television on a cozy living room sofa. For many people, watching TV is a fun way to relax. But for people living with Dementia, regular TV shows can be confusing or stressful. Fast-talking, loud music, and flashing lights can be overwhelming. That’s why special TV programs, like Zinnia TV *, Memory Lane TV , and even some YouTube channels , have been created just for them. These programs are made to be peaceful, simple, and comforting for both people with Dementia and the caregivers who love and support them. In this blog post, we’ll explore how these therapeutic TV services work, what they have in common, and what makes each one special. What Is Therapeutic TV? Therapeutic TV is not just for fun — it’s meant to help people feel better. For people with Dementia, it can help them feel calm, connected, and even happy. These programs are made with soft music, slow movements, and familiar images. There’s no fast action, loud shouting, or confusing storylines. Instead, viewers might see: Babies cooing Waves gently rolling onto a beach Birds flying in the sky A person baking cookies or planting flowers Old-time music that sparks memories Therapeutic TV helps reduce stress, ease anxiety, and bring smiles. It can also help caregivers by making daily life smoother. What These Programs Have in Common Whether it’s Zinnia TV *, Memory Lane TV, or a YouTube video, these services share some essential qualities: They are peaceful and calm.  The shows are designed to relax, not excite. They show familiar or joyful scenes.  Many people recognize things like music, cooking, babies, or pets — even if they can’t remember names or places. They help create a routine.  Watching a calming video can make hard times of day (like bathing or bedtime) a little easier. They support caregivers.  When the person being cared for is calm, the caregiver also gets a break. They leverage a technique called reminiscence therapy , which helps individuals recall fond memories from their past. They require an internet connection . The paid services offer free trials. These programs are made with love and care. They are a helpful tool for families dealing with memory loss. Memory Lane TV: Affordable, Accessible Multisensory Programming for Memory Loss Memory Lane TV is an excellent option. It combines peaceful visuals with scientific research. The creators work with doctors, memory care experts, and families to build each video with care. With the required app installed, it’s very easy to use on SMART TVs, mobile tablets, and mobile phones. Family plans are monthly, while business and care community plans are annual. YouTube Channels: Free and Easy to Access Not everyone can subscribe to a paid TV service. That’s where YouTube   can help. There are many free YouTube channels made for people living with Dementia. Without a specific app, other than an internet browser, you can play it on almost any device. That said, there is also a YouTube app. Zinnia TV:   Videos that diminish agitation, foster connection & engagement, and ease daily activities. Another excellent option is Zinnia TV . It is one of the best-known therapeutic TV services for people with Dementia. It offers a wide range of videos that are quiet, gentle, and easy to follow. With the required app installed, it’s very easy to use on SMART TVs, mobile tablets, and mobile phones. Zinnia TV is a favorite choice for caregivers seeking a calming and straightforward tool to help their loved ones feel safe and engaged. Family plans are available on a monthly or annual basis, while business and care community plans are offered on a yearly basis. *SAVE: As a gesture of goodwill, and for a limited time, ZINNIA TV is offering a one-time $99.99 LIFETIME subscription to support you, a constituent of the Dementia Society of America. Please note that Zinnia's regular one-year subscription alone is $69.99. You must use this link to receive your savings: https://www.zinniatv.com/dsa Real-Life Impact Let’s look at some examples. Sarah cares for her mother, who often gets confused in the late afternoon. Playing a Zinnia TV video of someone folding laundry and humming helps settle her down. Mike uses Memory Lane TV with his dad, who remembers songs from the 1950s. When he hears those tunes, his dad sings along and smiles. Meanwhile, Nora uses a YouTube playlist of birds and waterfalls to help her grandma relax before bed. In each case, therapeutic TV gives caregivers a helpful break — and gives their loved ones a moment of peace and joy. Final Thoughts Caring for someone with Dementia can be challenging, but tools like Zinnia TV , Memory Lane TV, and YouTube might make things a little easier. These programs help reduce stress, evoke memories, and create calm moments throughout the day. They’re simple to use, gentle on the senses, and a real source of comfort. If someone you love has Dementia, consider trying one of these services. Sometimes, even a five-minute video of a kitten purring, a baby smiling, or a gentle rain falling can make all the difference—every moment of peace counts for both the person with Dementia and the one who cares for them. Helpful Links: Zinnia TV: https://www.zinniatv.com/dsa Memory Lane TV: https://www.memorylanetv.com YouTube search: “Therapeutic videos for Dementia” or “calming nature videos” Author:  AI-Assisted Human-Edited Staff Writer DISCLOSURE: Zinnia TV, Memory Lane TV, and YouTube are trademarks of their respective owners. There is no revenue sharing between the Dementia Society of America and any of the aforementioned TV services. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Ask The Expert ™ | Join Online Most Mondays Join our care professional, Tami Anastasis, for a lively and informative national Zoom call, held most Mondays at 7:00 PM ET (4:00 PM Pacific). What is Dementia Unplugged ™ : Ask The Expert ™ ? This Dementia Unplugged program, Ask The Expert™, is appropriate for all care partners and all types and stages of Dementia, as well as specific individuals (those living with  MCI or very early-stage Dementia).   You'll be able to ask basic questions, get real-world answers, and take the next best step(s) in your journey. ​ Not a "support group" exactly, and not limited to just one type of Dementia. Instead, this is a supportive and helpful conversation about the fundamental challenges and opportunities of coping with all the symptoms of Dementia. ​ "Ask The Expert" aims to maximize the chance for positive movement forward as a caregiver and self-care. CLICK HERE TO REGISTER FOR ASK THE EXPERT™ ​Download a handout for Ask The Expert. Please  click here . ​ More Supportive Programs ​ Iowa State University's Powerful Tools for Caregivers: a 6-week workshop on stress management. Please click here . Support groups on Facebook? Please click here . Are you looking for our other Dementia Unplugged™ programs? Click on the link(s) below to open up the specific playlists on our YouTube channel. ​ ARTFul Insights™ ​Dementia Foundations™ Care Conversations™ Updated 6-5-25 Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Feeling the beat can boost your brain health in multiple ways.   Music is everywhere — on the radio, in movies, and even in nature. But did you know that music does more than entertain? Scientists have discovered that music can improve brain health in several ways.   The human brain is comprised of billions of neurons that send messages to control our thoughts, actions, and emotions. When we listen to music, multiple areas of the brain become active simultaneously. Scientists have used brain scans to demonstrate that music stimulates areas responsible for memory, emotions, and movement, and can enhance cognitive function, mood, and overall well-being. Read on to explore your mind on music: the science behind how music benefits the brain and improves well-being.   Boosts Memory and Learning One of the most exciting discoveries about music is its ability to enhance memory and learning. Research indicates that listening to music can improve people's ability to recall information. For example, students who listen to classical music while studying often perform better on tests. For individuals with some level of cognitive impairment, familiar songs can help revive lost memories and enhance their ability to communicate.   Reduces Stress and Anxiety Music has a direct effect on our emotions. When we listen to calming music or soothing sounds, such as a soft piano or ocean waves, our brains release the hormones dopamine and serotonin, which make us feel happy and relaxed. Music can also lower cortisol, the hormone responsible for stress. Scientists have found that slow, steady rhythms help lower heart rate and blood pressure, leading to a calmer mind and body.   Improves Focus and Attention Certain types of music, such as instrumental or classical music, can help improve focus and attention. Scientists believe that background music helps block out distractions, making it easier to concentrate on tasks. This is why many professionals listen to music while working. However, not all music is beneficial. Songs with lyrics can sometimes be distracting when reading or writing.   Strengthens Brain Plasticity Brain plasticity is the brain’s ability to change and grow. Learning a new instrument, for example, strengthens connections between different parts of the brain. Research shows that musicians have larger and more connected brain regions than nonmusicians. Playing an instrument improves hand-eye coordination, problem-solving skills, and language processing. The more we engage with music, the more our brains adapt and improve over time.   Helps with Mental Health Music therapy is used to help people struggling with mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Playing or listening to music can be an emotional outlet, assisting people to express their feelings when words are difficult. Upbeat music can lift spirits, while slower music can promote relaxation and calmness. Music is even used in hospitals to help patients manage pain and recover from illnesses faster.   Enhances Social Connection Music is often a shared experience. Singing in a choir, dancing to a song, or attending a concert with friends creates a sense of belonging. Studies show that group music activities release oxytocin, a hormone that fosters trust and intimacy, thereby helping to build social bonds. This is why music plays a significant role in cultural traditions and celebrations worldwide.   Encourages Physical Movement Rhythmic music makes us want to move! Dancing to music engages both the brain and body, improving coordination and balance. Research has shown that dancing can reduce the risk of Dementia by keeping the brain active. Exercise and music together create a powerful combination for overall brain and body health.   Conclusion Music is more than just a form of entertainment — it’s a scientifically proven way to improve brain health. Whether you listen to, play, or dance to it, music can be an enjoyable and straightforward way to care for your brain. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Copyright Getty Images Hearing well is good for your brain for all kinds of reasons.   You may think that hearing happens only in the ears, but the truth is, it’s a major brain function. Sound waves enter the ear and are converted into electrical signals, which travel to the brain for processing. If hearing declines, the brain gets fewer signals and must work harder to fill in missing information. Over time, this extra effort can lead to fatigue, memory loss, and an increased risk of cognitive decline. However, better hearing keeps the brain engaged and may prevent these issues.   Learn about all the ways that better hearing ("good vibrations") supports brain health and why it’s essential for people of all ages.   Boosts Memory Hearing plays a crucial role in memory. When we listen to conversations, our brains process and store information. It’s harder to understand and remember details if we don’t hear clearly. Studies show that people with good hearing perform better on memory tests. When hearing is improved with hearing aids, the brain receives more information, making it easier to recall conversations and events. Put more simply, if you don’t hear what someone says, how can you remember it?   May Increase Cognition The diseases and disorders that underlie destructive cognitive changes can affect memory, thinking, decision-making, ambulation, and more. Research shows that untreated hearing loss may be one of the more prominent risk factors for impaired brain health. When hearing declines, the brain gets less stimulation, which may weaken important areas of it devoted to processing sensory inputs that help encode memories and perform other functions.   Studies suggest that people who wear hearing aids are less likely to exhibit symptoms of cognitive decline because their brains stay more engaged and may be able to rise above or work around the weakened regions of their gray matter.   Might Prevent Brain Shrinkage As people age, certain brain areas naturally shrink. However, brain scans show that hearing loss speeds up this shrinkage, especially in areas related to memory and language. Using hearing aids or other hearing supports keeps these areas active and may slow age-related changes over time.   Improves Focus and Attention Struggling to hear can make concentrating difficult, especially in noisy places. The brain works extra hard to make sense of sounds, leading to fatigue and trouble focusing. Better hearing reduces this strain, making staying alert and engaging in conversations or tasks easier.   Helps Social Connections Strong social connections are essential for brain health. Conversations and interactions keep the brain active and prevent loneliness. But people with hearing loss often withdraw from social events due to difficulty understanding speech. This isolation can lead to depression and cognitive decline. By improving hearing, people can stay more connected with family and friends, keeping their minds sharp.   Reduces Stress and Anxiety Hearing loss can cause frustration and stress. Struggling to understand people, missing out on conversations, or feeling left out can lead to anxiety and even depression. Hearing clearly makes people feel more confident in conversations, reducing stress and improving emotional well-being.   Supports Healthy Sleep Hearing loss can affect sleep quality. When the brain has to work harder to process sounds all day, it may stay in a heightened state of alertness, making relaxation and sleep more difficult. With improved hearing, the brain experiences less strain, leading to better rest and overall brain function.   Conclusion Hearing plays a significant role in brain health. From boosting memory to preventing brain shrinkage and improving social connections, better hearing helps keep the mind sharp and active. Scientists continue to study the connection between hearing and brain function, but the message is clear: Good hearing isn’t just about communication — it’s key to a strong and healthy brain. Keep up those good vibrations! Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Dementia Horizons™ | Workshop 2 | Communication Changes Video Module [02] Transcript Welcome. It's no surprise that your brain controls how and what you say and understand, but did you know that an area deep within the brain, the amygdala, is responsible for first sensing who is safe to communicate with, and who is not? From the beginning of time, this has been a skill required for survival. Imagine for a moment that someone suddenly walks into the room with a scowl on their face or a look of anger, disgust, or frustration. What is your first reaction? Without them saying a word, you may feel fearful and defensive, not wanting to engage immediately. This core part of your brain is working to protect you without effort on your part. Your brain quickly decides if this person is a friend or foe. Then, if the person starts to talk, your brain tries to figure out the meaning of the person's tone of voice. Do they sound angry, frustrated, kind, respectful, or inviting? Dealing with Communication Changes in Dementia People living with Dementia will respond to or believe what they see and hear. First words have less of an impact. In fact, this is true for all of us. Research indicates that we communicate mostly through our body language. Next comes our tone of voice and lastly, our words. So the first critical lesson is for you to look and sound safe, caring, loving, and respectful. That said, it is also important to be reminded that you are human, and it is not always easy to be loving 24 hours a day. It helps to take at least four slow deep breaths if you become frustrated. This heightened self-awareness of your communication style is particularly impactful as Dementia progresses towards the end of life. It is also essential to understand that the diseases and disorders that manifest as the progressive symptoms which we call Dementia, bring anatomical and cellular changes to various parts of the brain that affect communication differently over time. As the individual enters each stage of their Dementia journey, you may notice some or all of the following changes: Difficulty starting or following conversations, therefore, withdrawing from situations that require social interactions. Repeating the same questions, not having processed your answers. Struggling to find or retrieve words or names of people, places, and common objects. Difficulty juggling a conversation with multiple people in the room. Hearing sounds and talking to people that don't exist. Mixing fragments of words, an inability to follow written or verbal directions, and towards the end of life, language may be limited to just a few responses. So what can you do to help communicate more effectively? There are several guidelines that we recommend. Please note that some may not be intuitive. You are learning a new skill. Now, let's look at a few of the guidelines. First, keep in mind that the individual's brain is changing. Do not take their responses to you personally, if they are accusatory, do not make sense to you, or seem irrational. Pay attention to the environment. Excessive background noise and clutter can interrupt the person's ability to focus and pay attention. So turn off or lower the TV or radio, if possible. Keep the room or space uncluttered. Position yourself at eye level so that the person can see your eyes. It's been said that they are the window to the soul, and they greatly impact our ability to connect with one another. Speak calmly, more slowly, and at an audio level the person can hear. Remember that your tone of voice plays a big part in how your communications are perceived. Avoid stacking questions one on top of the other in rapid succession. Wait for the person to respond to one question at a time. When the individual needs to decide on something, provide simple choices. Instead of saying, what do you want for lunch? Say, would you like a ham and cheese sandwich or a bowl of soup? If there is difficulty understanding your words, then show them the slice of ham, a piece of cheese or a can of soup. The idea is to support their dignity and choice, because the part of the brain that controls rational thinking can become impaired. Avoid trying to convince or argue your point, when their reality is altered in their mind. What they think or believe is very true to them. Arguing will only cause frustration, anger, and more anxiety. For both of you, pause and think. Are these issues we are discussing really that important? Consider going with the flow. Here's an example. A wife who is a retired art teacher and is living with Dementia looks at the sky and says, "What a beautiful purple sky." The husband in return sees the sky as brilliant blue, and corrects her saying, "Honey, don't you see it's blue, not purple? How could you say that, you are an art teacher for gosh sakes?" After that, the wife stops talking. She feels embarrassed and afraid to make a mistake. Mistake . Instead, it would've been more supportive and loving to say, "Yes, it's a beautiful day." Here are a few other ways to foster good communications. Introduce yourself first by name. Don't quiz the person, forcing them to try and come up with your name. That causes frustration. Just like you and me, people living with Dementia don't always perform at their best when they are hungry or tired, memory and communication worsen with these circumstances. Recognize when this is happening so you can respond appropriately. If the person asks the same question repeatedly, respond like it's the first time. You can also shift to another activity or topic or another room to potentially alter their questions and redirect the conversation. Use words that show respect and dignity. For example, use adult words like a napkin instead of a bib, toilet instead of the potty, et cetera. Smile more frequently, and say thank you. Don't focus on what the person may do as wrong. Compliment them for trying. Even if the laundry was folded up in a ball, say, "Thank you so much for helping me." Overall, the main point is to interact and communicate with compassion and empathy. So what is empathy? Empathy is the ability to understand and recognize how someone is feeling. It's your ability to set aside your own thoughts and feelings to see things from someone else's point of view. Understanding how people living with Dementia perceive their world allows you to be more empathetic. Empathy conveys safety and an effort to comprehend. This allows for real connection and trust. And trust encourages cooperation. Without empathy, people may experience increased resistance, and may be less willing to work with you. You can practice using empathy by slowing down and observing the person's feelings through their body language, facial gestures, and tone of voice. Pay attention to see if you can identify confusion, anger, pain, unmet need, or even better, joy or contentment. This practice will give you a deeper, more meaningful connection with others. Empathy is also a statement of reassurance and validation. It says, "I hear you. I recognize how you may be feeling." It may sound like "I sense that you are scared, but you are safe with me", or "You seem upset. I'm so sorry that this is happening to you." As Dementia progresses, rational thoughts and spoken or written words become less effective. When this happens, look for things to do together, that don't require conversation or a right or wrong answer. For example, engage in sensory experiences like listening to or singing to music, drawing or painting, reading poetry, or getting outside for a breath of fresh air. Recognize that your relationship with your loved one is not over. It's just changing. Look for new ways to connect and enjoy your time together. To quote author and family therapist, Virginia Satir, "Life's not the way it's supposed to be. It's the way it is, and the way you respond to life that makes the difference." As you reflect on what was covered in this video, plan to put the following into practice. Focus, take at least four slow, deep breaths to help you keep calm. If the conversation becomes difficult, pay attention to your words, what you may be saying through your physical actions and tone of voice. Ask, what and how am I communicating? Do I appear and sound loving and trustworthy or frustrated and angry? Complete a so-called self scan. Look at your entire being. Your thoughts and feelings influence how you see the situation. In conclusion, I hope you feel more equipped with practical tips to enhance your communication style. By prioritizing how we communicate, we cultivate deeper relationships and build stronger connections with the people that matter most to us. You have taken a great step forward to help yourself and others. Thank you for joining me today. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Video Module [3] Transcript Welcome. Planning ahead for medical, legal and financial concerns helps ensure that wishes are honored, and affairs are well-managed. And in situations that may involve cognitive impairment, preparation is crucial. Planning is essential because having cognitive changes that are out of the normal range for your age, education, and life experiences may impact your decision-making about estate and end-of-life plans down the road. So let's first start with a brief overview, so you can better understand the different types of cognitive issues. When doctors refer to cognitive impairments, they generally categorize them as either minor or major impairments. Major impairments are significant, and often fall under the big umbrella we call Dementia. In addition, there's a point to consider: minor cognitive impairment, often called MCI, is also different from normal age-related cognitive changes. Let's explain. Age-related cognitive changes are considered less severe than minor cognitive impairment, and may involve trouble finding words or remembering names as quickly, taking longer to solve relatively simple math problems, or difficulty juggling multiple appointments in a single day. Examples include: "I can't recall our neighbor's last name. I have to look it up or it comes to me, but like an hour later." "I just can't seem to add the proper tip on a restaurant bill anymore." or "It's harder to go anywhere without my GPS." However, if you or your loved one are experiencing these types of minor cognitive challenges, it is still important to talk with a doctor early on, and consider a cognitive screening to get what's called a baseline assessment. You want to know several things: Is it normal aging, or are the difficulties related to stress, depression, infection, medication, or other common causes of changes in thinking? That said, if a person is diagnosed with a bit more advanced condition, it may be called minor cognitive impairment. So what does that exactly mean? Minor cognitive impairment is the in-between stage between the expected decline in memory and thinking, which usually happens as we age, and the more severe syndrome of Dementia. Although a person can progress from MCI to Dementia with MCI, impairments with memory, language, or judgment, et cetera, are generally not sufficient enough to require assistance with the activities of daily living, like dressing, eating, bathing, running a household, decision-making, and more. MCI may remain stable over time depending on the nature of the cause or causes. So you may be asking yourself, what exactly is Dementia? In brief, Dementia results from biological changes to brain tissue typically caused by one or more neurocognitive diseases or disorders. Dementia is not a disease itself. Instead, it is a syndrome, a group of many progressive symptoms. In medical terms, Dementia is officially labeled as a major neurocognitive disorder, NCD. Generally speaking, the diseases and disorders that underlie the symptoms substantially affect our ability to perform activities of daily living, including rational and reasonable decision-making. Getting Help with Legal and Financial Matters Let me be clear, no matter your age or health status, it's always good to think through your legal, health and financial wishes sooner rather than later, while you can still be considered to have the capacity to make decisions on your own. And that's why you're here to learn about the steps you can take. Different types of legal professionals can assist with creating advanced directives and important estate documents. Most notable are estate planning attorneys and those attorneys specializing in elder law. Now, let's discuss advanced directives . Especially when concerning healthcare aspects of your life, advanced directives are documents allowing individuals to express their preferences, values, and treatment choices, in case of incapacitation. Incapacitation is when an individual lacks the mental capacity to make informed decisions. When someone is incapacitated, they may be unable to understand the nature and consequences of the document they are signing. In the context of Dementia, where cognitive capacities diminish over time, advanced directives become invaluable tools for ensuring that one's wishes are respected, even when the ability to communicate or make decisions is slowly compromised. Next, let's discuss powers of attorney . There are both durable and non-durable powers of attorney, also known as a P-O-A. A non-durable POA is used primarily for singular transactions or purposes like selling property, or opening and closing a bank account. However, when there is a progressive health condition such as Dementia, consider establishing a durable power of attorney for healthcare, sometimes called a healthcare proxy, to ensure continuity in decision-making, even as capacities recede. As the name suggests, it endures and is used for more than one transaction or representation. You may decide to have just one individual represent you in all aspects of your life, or you may elect to have separate individuals focus on particular decision-making. Living wills : a living will allows you to outline medical treatment preferences, life support, and end-of-life care. It permits you to state your choices regarding resuscitation, feeding tubes, and other medical interventions, specify under what circumstances you would want, or not want, certain treatments. Here are some additional suggestions for documents and actions you may wish to consider. Your will : draft or update your will to ensure the assets of your estate are distributed according to your wishes. Trusts : consider creating a trust to manage and distribute assets of the estate equitably, and so that funds are made available to help your beneficiaries, timed to their future financial needs. Guardianship : If you have dependents, consider designating a guardian who will care for them in case you are no longer able to do so. Medical history : gather information for healthcare providers and maintain a comprehensive record of medications, surgeries, allergies, treatments, and next-of-kin and responsible parties' contact information. Include any family medical histories of individuals like parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, that have had particular conditions or disorders you're aware of. Although sensitive and emotionally complex, include, if able and willing, any knowledge you have of adoptions or familial connections that others may be unaware of . Those insights might provide clues to a diagnosis or guide future healthcare decisions, if you are unable to share that information due to a decline in cognition. In addition, review your finances and insurance coverages , and consult professionals for guidance on managing resources effectively. Take stock of your current financial situation, including assets, debts, income sources, and insurance policies. Also, if you or your loved one is a military veteran, there may be benefits worth exploring. Sooner rather than later, investigate long-term care insurance options, to help cover potential costs associated with Dementia care at home or in a long-term care community. If available, it may be worth considering policies that combine life and long-term care coverage. Periodically review and update your legal insurance and financial plans , especially if there are changes in your health, family structure or financial situation. Openly communicate wishes and plans in the legal documents with family members and the designated individuals. Ensure that those involved know the preferences and have copies of relevant documents , when durable and non-durable powers of attorney documents, as well as other important estate or advanced directive documents are created. Whether for medical, legal, or financial decision making, you should produce several signed copies. Keep them secure, yet make them easy to find for those acting on your behalf, if they don't already have copies. Consider a document pouch that may help protect them from being inadvertently misplaced, consumed by fire or destroyed in a flood, if needed later on, to perform bank transactions or other essential duties. The POA may need to provide an original document, but always make sure they are returned if possible, once viewed for authenticity and confirmation. Today, there may be ways to use an app on a smartphone that can help digitally scan the documents as a backup, but the originals should be closely guarded. In addition, it's relatively common for folks to put a specially marked container or vial inside the refrigerator that provides first responders and others with the basic whereabouts of critical advanced directives , one's medical needs in an emergency, and possible allergies. If you or your care partner are headed to the hospital, having copies of those papers readily found, so that they can be taken with you, may save time, effort, and heartache, should wishes not be followed for lack of clear direction. Lastly, on this point, consider wearing an ID band of some kind on your wrist or placing one on your care partner to help first responders and others obtain more information. Presently, when it comes to advanced directives, many healthcare systems and hospitals are getting proactive and initiating and encouraging them to be created, shared, and stored securely with them beforehand. Check with your trusted professionals and local medical providers to see if such a program exists in your area. In conclusion, when facing the potential for Dementia or other cognitive impairments, it involves thoughtful consideration, clear communication, and guidance from legal, medical, financial, and insurance professionals. Take action today and reach out for help creating or updating your important estate documents and advanced directives. Thank you for joining me, and I hope you found this information helpful. It was my pleasure to be with you. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Dementia Horizons™ | Workshop 5 | Gaining Cooperation Video Module [05] Transcript Welcome. How we move, feel, and act: it begins as electrical impulses formed within our brains. Particular parts of the brain control certain functions more than others. When fully engaged, sections of the brain talk to each other, managing our other organs, allowing us to perform day-to-day activities and making us who we are. It can seem like someone is in denial, but in fact, when parts of the brain are not working as they should, asking for help or accepting medical care becomes challenging. These functions are performed throughout the brain, but heavily rely on areas called the frontal lobes and prefrontal cortex. These sections of the brain are located behind the forehead. So, what are executive functions? They are responsible for abilities we take for granted. These include voluntary movement, expressive language, attention span, working memory, planning, self-awareness, judgment, and decision-making. These functions can become increasingly impaired as the result of structural changes in the brain tissue, due to a disease or disorder associated with the syndrome of Dementia. For example, a person exhibiting the cluster of symptoms we call Dementia, especially with impaired executive function, may not be aware they can no longer manage their finances, follow a recipe, recall previous health problems, put clothes on in the proper order, or consciously recognize their decline. Now you can start to appreciate why, from their point of view, they may see no reason to be medically evaluated or tested: "I'm fine. I don't need to see a doctor." How to Improve Cooperation Let's now focus on learning how your approach and different strategies can lessen this type of resistance. Bear in mind that you will need to shift your thinking, even though they may not think an appointment is necessary. Make one anyway. This is not deceptive, it's practical. Given the advanced planning required to get many appointments, start the process sooner rather than later. You are helping by filling in the gaps where they have cognitive deficits. Talking about an appointment too early can cause arguments, agitation, and a flat refusal. Instead, if possible, give the person shorter notice, maybe even the day before or the morning of an appointment, to reduce a buildup of anxiety. When you do talk about the visit, be positive and matter-of-fact. Consider describing it as a routine follow-up for a previous ailment or chronic condition, an annual exam, or a need to discuss medications. You can also focus the reason on the medical provider or insurance coverage. Explain that the doctor must see you face-to-face before refilling or changing any prescriptions. You can also consider saying that you are seeking medical advice for yourself, and want them to come along for support. This is not a lie. Their health can most certainly impact yours. Most care partners want the other person to be healthy, and suggesting that you will benefit from going together may lower their defenses. Keep your emotions in check. Commit to not arguing; it does you no good and escalates the situation. Keep your facial expressions positive. Watch your tone of voice and be soothing no matter their response. If they become upset, use empathy and acknowledge the feeling. This may sound like: "I'm so sorry that you are upset and worried. I will be with you." Sometimes you must change the subject. Get involved in some other activity for a while, and then try again a little later. In addition to your primary care provider, there will likely be different types of appointments, perhaps a specialist, lab work, medical scans, or cognitive testing. We'll explore several scenarios, but first, it's important for privacy reasons and communication difficulties that you want to be present with your care partner throughout their visit, whenever practical. If properly arranged ahead of time, you can act on their behalf, make decisions, and receive information directly from the medical team about your loved one's diagnosis, medications, and care plan. This may require having your care partner agree while they are competent to do so, to allow information to be shared. There can be legal elements to consider, which we will address in other videos. Now, let's look at some tips to help you prepare. Try to schedule an appointment in the middle of the day. Getting out the door earlier in the morning is often more challenging. If the appointment is late in the afternoon or evening, you risk both of you feeling tired, hungry, maybe even hangry. Also, plan to call the office ahead of time on the day of the appointment to see if they are running late. Do something pleasant and brief before the appointment. Stop and smell the roses. Create a fun errand. This is intended to create a positive mood. Pack a bag with a snack, water, medications, change of clothes and briefs if the appointment runs late. Bring a magazine, mobile device, photo album, or other meaningful and portable activity that you can share if the wait is longer than expected. Thankfully, one of the best ways to start a conversation about going to the doctor is around annual wellness screenings. They have become popular and expected. They help normalize honest discussions of concerns or challenges. They enhance a physician's ability to detect early changes in our bodies. This includes the brain. After all, it's the one organ that serves all others. These routine visits can also help create personalized prevention programs or care plans. Cognitive screenings are relatively brief and may include multiple questions, calculations, drawing a clock or various figures, remembering a short list of words or images, and identifying common objects like a banana or bicycle. If cognitive impairment is suspected, the person may be referred to a specialist for a full neuro-cognitive assessment. It is common for testing to take a few hours, and be repeated months later, to determine if there has been a change in cognition, positive or negative. There may be paper and pencil tests, computer-based exams, and physical tests like walking or touching your finger to your nose. All these activities are intended to confirm which aspects of brain function are impaired, if any, and to what extent. Try not to over-describe the testing. Tell them that the doctor wants to check different body parts, including the head, to record your health over time. Indeed, continue to refer to additional testing as routine: "The doctor wanted them to do it just to be on the safe side." There is no need for detailed explanations. As the appointments approach, let the person know that although they may not be fun, they will be worth it, and that you are there for them. If you've had similar experiences, you survived, and they will too. At the appointment, privately describe any new cognitive issues that have arisen since they were last seen, so that they are not surprised at whatever happens. Smile gently, and talk compassionately to the staff about your care partner or loved one and their needs. Be aware that you may be interviewed separately, to obtain a more detailed history and to gather your observations about how thinking and behavior have changed. Medical scans like an X-ray, MRI, CAT, PET, or SPECT may also happen at some point. Additionally, a test may be ordered that requires a bit more preparation. An example would be obtaining a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, there might be a desire to perform genetic testing, usually a quick swab on the inside of the cheek. These types of tests can be unnerving and filled with anxiety and fear. Some of the testing machines are imposing or have tight spaces that may be claustrophobic. Some generate loud noises too. Hopefully, medical staff will allow you to accompany your loved one to the area where clothes are changed and stored, before they get into a medical gown in the room where testing is done. Show respect and provide them the dignity they deserve, but also be willing to step in and help no matter how awkward the situation may become. You are there to help them feel more secure. The person within your care may need additional help following directions, so reassure them that everyone is there to keep them safe from harm. You may have to step out during the operation of specific test procedures, so be prepared for anything in advance, including agitation, and ask whether your loved one can wear earplugs, an eye mask and have calming music during the procedure. Lastly, lab appointments bring another set of complexities. Some lab tests require that the person not eat food or drink certain liquids for a period of time beforehand to obtain more accurate results. That said, if the person is having their blood drawn and drinking water ahead of time is allowed, it can make it easier for the technician to find a suitable vein. Give yourself time to prepare everything, and use the same calm matter-of-fact approach. Again, bring a snack to eat immediately after the visit or plan to enjoy a meal together afterward to avoid low blood sugar and unnecessary hunger or thirst. In conclusion, as you navigate these appointments, remember you are learning to care for your loved one differently, and I hope you feel more equipped with practical tips intended to gain cooperation. Thank you for joining me. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Dementia Horizons™ | Workshop 6 | Ambiguous Loss Video Module [06] Transcript I want to welcome you today. Thank you for being here. Caring for a loved one with Dementia can be a challenging and emotional journey. Dementia is a progressive condition that not only affects the individual but also their family members and caregivers. One of the unique challenges of Dementia is dealing with ambiguous loss, which is the feeling of grief and loss that arises when a person is physically present, but mentally and emotionally absent. Our talk today  aims to provide you with practical strategies to adapt to ambiguous loss and navigate the complex emotions that come with caring for someone living with Dementia. Ambiguous Loss Psychotherapist Pauline Boss coined the term ambiguous loss to describe a loss that occurs without closure or clear understanding. The concept evolved while working primarily with military families, whereby women who were married to spouses were missing in action during wartime. They did not know if their spouse was alive or dead. Am I a widow? Not a widow? How do I live my life in this state of limbo? In the context of Dementia, ambiguous loss occurs because the person with Dementia is physically here, and not really or consistently here psychologically. In some situations, one may not even remember being married or the names of one’s spouse or children. This is a hard truth to accept. Understanding that anatomical and cellular changes in the brain are underlying the lack of recognition and emotional disconnect may offer some comfort. Another learning is that fatigue and anxiety can actually bring about more forgetfulness and confusion. Families may experience their loved one with Dementia clearer, or more normal, in the mornings after a good night's rest. Later in the afternoon, they seemed less engaged and more forgetful. Families may erroneously conclude that the person is just trying to get attention. When comparing visits, families may feel like they are experiencing two different people, or whoever visits in the afternoon may find their loved one less able to focus, perhaps more anxious or irritable, because the person with Dementia looks the same on the outside. The changes in thinking and behavior can understandably lead to feelings of grief, frustration, and confusion for family and friends who visit in the evenings in attempting to make sense of these changes. Ambiguous loss is a normal and valid reaction. We hope that by understanding the nature of ambiguous loss, families can better cope with the arising emotions and find ways to adapt to their new reality. Start by acknowledging your feelings. It's normal to feel a range of emotions when caring for someone with Dementia, including sadness, guilt, exasperation, and anger. Acknowledge these feelings and allow yourself to experience them without judgment. Continue educating yourself about Dementia on an ongoing basis. Understanding the progression and symptoms can help you make more sense of your loved one's behavior and reduce frustration. Educating yourself can also help you set realistic expectations for your loved one's abilities. Focus on the present moment. Instead of dwelling on the past or worrying about the future, focus on the present moment with your loved one. Engage in activities that bring you joy and allow you to connect with your loved one in meaningful ways. Seek support. Caring for someone with dementia can be isolating, so it's important to seek support from others who understand what you're going through. Practice self-care. Caring for someone who lives with Dementia can be physically and emotionally draining. Make time for activities that help you relax and recharge, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time with friends. Set realistic expectations. Recognize that you may need to adjust your expectations for your loved one's behavior and abilities as their Dementia progresses. Focus on what they can still do rather than what they have lost. Maintain a sense of humor. Sometimes, finding humor in difficult situations can help lighten the mood and reduce stress. Look for moments of joy and laughter in your interactions with your loved one. Find meaning and purpose. Despite the challenges of Dementia caregiving, many caregivers find meaning and purpose in their role. Focus on the positive aspects of caregiving, such as the opportunity to show love and compassion in ways you did not know possible to your loved one. Seek professional help. If you are struggling to cope with the challenges of Dementia caregiving, don't hesitate to seek help from a mental health professional. If you are feeling persistent anger, resentment, and irritability, it is wise to connect with a therapist for more intense counseling. Therapy can give you the support and coping strategies to navigate this difficult time. In conclusion, practice gratitude. Cultivating a sense of gratitude for the time you have with your loved one, despite the challenges, can help shift your perspective and foster resilience. Caring for someone with Dementia is a challenging and emotional journey, but it's important to remember that you are not alone. By acknowledging your feelings, seeking support, and practicing self-care, you can adapt to the ambiguous loss that comes with Dementia, caregiving, and find meaning and purpose in your role. Thank you for being with me. Ambiguous loss is challenging by its very nature, and yet you choose to join us today to watch, listen, and learn, so that you can deal meaningfully with the grief and undeniable changes. Those are characteristics of a healthy and curious mind, a mind well prepared to take positive steps forward at the most appropriate pace. Thank you again. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Copyrighted Getty Images Always have ROOM FOR DESSERT ? Scientists have discovered that the same nerve cells that tell us we’re full also make us crave sweets.   Parenting is good for brain health. MOMS AND DADS show increased connectivity in areas that typically decline with age.   Artificial intelligence can measure how fast a person’s brain is aging, and may be a POWERFUL NEW TOOL for understanding, preventing, and treating cognitive decline.   Our EYES TELL A STORY — about how we breathe. Research has revealed that our pupils are smallest during inhalation and largest during exhalation.   A study in mice suggests that there are two types of neurons in the brain — OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC — and they work together to help us balance risk and reward.   By identifying regions outside the frontal lobe that are involved in THE INTENT TO SPEAK , scientists hope to offer a new treatment option for those with the language disorder Broca’s aphasia. Author:  AI-Assisted Human-Edited Staff Writer Click here to view this issue of Better Brain Nation. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.

Better Brain Nation Magazine | Volume 2 Issue 1 | Crossword Answers Better Brain Busters™ Riddle Answer: CHICAGO (CHI-CA-GO) Click here to view this issue of Better Brain Nation. Disclaimer: Dementia Society of America (DSA) provides educational content only and does not offer medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your medical care. DSA content is created by both human and computer-generated means and is reviewed for accuracy; however, errors may occur. Views expressed by third-party contributors do not necessarily reflect those of DSA. Unless expressly stated, DSA does not endorse or guarantee any third-party products, services, organizations, or external content. All DSA content is copyrighted and/or trademarked and may not be used without written permission.